Pathology: Neoplasia

Front 1

3 kinds of mixed tumor

Back 1

chondroid syringoma (skin)
pleomorphic adenoma (salivary)
fibroadenoma (breast)

Front 2

3 kinds of blastoma

Back 2

neuroblastoma
retinoblastoma
nephroblastoma

Front 3

nephroblastoma is also called

Back 3

Wilms' tumor

Front 4

hamartoma is

Back 4

disorganized mature tissue local to the appropriate organ

Front 5

histologic grade describes ___, whereas tumor stage describes ___.

Back 5

degree of cell differentiation and tissue organization
degree of tumor invasiveness

Front 6

stage I tumors are confined to ___

Back 6

epidermis

Front 7

stage II tumors are confined to ___

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papillary dermis

Front 8

stage III tumors are confined to ___

Back 8

papillary dermis

Front 9

stage IV tumors are confined to ___

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reticular dermis

Front 10

stage 5 tumors have reached ___

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subcutaneous tissue

Front 11

___ tumors can be ___ and still be malignant

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renal (clear cell)
encapsulated

Front 12

___ (2) are not encapsulated but benign

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hemangioma
leiomyoma

Front 13

3 angiogenic factors

Back 13

VEGF
FGF
ECGF

Front 14

5 antiangiogenic molecules

Back 14

thrombospondin
angiostatin
endostatin
vasculostatin
thalidomide

Front 15

thrombospondin is derived from

Back 15

tumor cells

Front 16

angiostatin is derived from

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plasminogen

Front 17

endostatin is derived from

Back 17

collagen

Front 18

vasculostatin is derived from

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transthyretin

Front 19

a krukenberg tumor is a metastasis from ___ (3) to ___

Back 19

stomach
pancreas
gall bladder
ovary

Front 20

pseudomyxoma peritonei is a metastasis from ___ (2) to ___

Back 20

ovary
appendix
peritoneum

Front 21

carcinomas typically spread via ___
sarcomas typically spread via ___

Back 21

lymphatics
blood

Front 22

2 proteins upregulated in metastasis

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proteases
laminin receptor

Front 23

3 proteases used in metastasis

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type IV collagenase
cathepsin D
urokinase type plasminogen activator

Front 24

___ is a motility factor distinguishing prostatic hyperplasia from ___

Back 24

beta 15 thymosin
prostate cancer

Front 25

in hematogenous spread, tumor cells collect ___ for protection. this explains ___ associated with cancer, also called ___

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platelets
hypercoagulability
Trousseau's sign

Front 26

___ is expressed by T cells and tumor cells and allows ___

Back 26

CD44
migration

Front 27

___ supresses metastasis in breast cancer
___ supresses metastasis in prostate cancer
___ supresses metastasis in melanoma

Back 27

nm23
KAI-1
KISS-1

Front 28

plasmin converts ___ (2) to ___ (2)

Back 28

procollagenases
prostromelysins
collagenases
stromelysins

Front 29

hepatocellular carcinoma incidence is highly correlated with ___

Back 29

HBV incidence

Front 30

4 cancers associated with HIV

Back 30

Kaposi sarcoma
B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma
primary lymphoma of brain
invasive cancer of cervix

Front 31

EBV causes (4)

Back 31

Burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
B cell lymphoma
infectious mononucleosis

Front 32

HBV and HCV can cause

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HCC

Front 33

HPV causes

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anogenital cancer

Front 34

human T cell lymphotropic virus causes (2)

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adult T cell leukemia
lymphoma

Front 35

H. pylori causes

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gastric carcinoma

Front 36

Ras signalling (6)

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YKR
grb2
ras
raf
mek
erk

Front 37

___ is on chromosome 8 and is involved in ___. ___ is on chromosome 2, is involved in ___ and is amplified as ___ or ___

Back 37

MYC
burkitt's lymphoma
N-MYC
neuroblastoma
homogeneously staining region
double minutes

Front 38

myc's function in cell cycle (2)

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upregulates cyclin D
degradation of p27

Front 39

burkitt's lymphoma mechanism

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8-14 translocation causes upregulation of MYC

Front 40

chronic myelogenous leukemia mechanism

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9-22 (philadelphia) translocation creates chimera YK Bcr-Abl

Front 41

ATM role in DNA repair (2)

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sense DNA break
phosphorylate BRCA1 (with CHEK2)

Front 42

CHEK2 role in DNA repair

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phosphorylate BRCA1 (with ATM)

Front 43

BRCA1 role in DNA repair

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repair the break

Front 44

BRCA2 role in DNA repair

Back 44

bring RAD51 to break

Front 45

APC mechanism

Back 45

APC causes degradation of free beta catenin
free beta catenin activates mitogenic transcription factors
APC LOF is mitogenic

Front 46

cushing syndrome can be caused by ___ (4)

Back 46

small cell carcinoma of lung
bronchial carcinoid
pancreatic carcinoma
neural tumors

Front 47

SIADH can be caused by ___ (2)

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small cell carcinoma of lung
intracranial neoplasms

Front 48

hypoglycemia can be caused by ___ (3)

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fibrosarcoma
other sarcomas
HCC

Front 49

hypercalcemia can be caused by ___ (5)

Back 49

squamous cell carcinoma of lung
breast carcinoma
renal carcinoma
adult T cell leukemia
ovarian carcinoma

Front 50

myasthenia can be caused by ___

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bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 51

CNS, PNS disorders can be caused by ___

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breast carcinoma

Front 52

acanthosis nigricans can be caused by ___ (3)

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gastric carcinoma
lung carcinoma
uterine carcinoma

Front 53

venous thrombosis can be caused by ___ (2)

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pancreatic carcinoma
bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 54

tumor cells use ___ to cause apoptosis in ___

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FasL
T cells

Front 55

staining for different kinds of ___ allows distinguishing different tumors

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intermediate filaments

Front 56

keratin is present in ___ (2)

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carcinomas
mesotheliomas

Front 57

desmin is present in ___

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muscle tumors (smooth and striated)

Front 58

vimentin is present in ___

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sarcomas

Front 59

glial filaments are present in ___

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gliomatous tumors

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neurofilaments are present in ___

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neuronal tumors