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58 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Most common malformation of the urethral groove and canal? complication?
hypospadia; abnormal opening is contricted and predisposes to UTIs which may lead to sterility
Phimosis? Cause?
orfice of prepuce too small to permit normal retraction; congenital or repeated infection with scarring
Balanoposthitis?
glans and prepuce infection most commonly due to smegma accumulation
Most frequent neoplasms of penis?
condyloma acuminatum and carcinomas
Carcinoma in situ of penis?
1) Bowen's
2) erythroplasia of Queyrat
3) Bowenoid papulosis
HPV types assocaited with condyloma acuminatum?
HPV 6 and 11
Malignant potential of condyloma acuminatum?
they tend to recur but do not evolve into invasive cancers
Found in 80% of carcinoma in situs of the peneee?
HPV 16. sixteeen in siiiitu
Epidermal proliferation with dysplastic cells, sharply delineated with an intact BM?
Bowen Disease
red velvet on mucosa?
erythroplasia of queyrat
Carcinoma in situ of penis in younger pts. Describe lesions?
multiple pigmented papular lesions of bowenoid papulosis.
Type of carcinoma in situ that rarely becomes malignant
Bowenoid papulosis
Most frequent oncogenic virus found in SSC of penis?
HPV16
SSC lesions on penis found where?
cauliflowerlike lesion by corona and inner surface of prepuce, progresses into ulcerating lesion
Metastasis of SCC to?
inguinal and iliac lymph nodes
Most frequent pathology of epididymis?
inflammatory disease
most frequent pathology of testis?
tumors, but since epidydimis is often inflammatory and the two are close, they often invade one another
MIF controls what phase of testicular descent?
Transabdominal phase until testis lie near pelvic brim
2nd phase of testicular descent controlled by?
calcitonin-gene related peptide (caused by androgen release) from genitofemoral nerve
Prominent Leydig cells and Sertoli cells with no spermatogenesis?
Testicular atrophy seen in cryptorchidism
Why is there a paucity of germ cells in the contralateral/descended testicle?
there is a hormonal basis for development of cryporchydism and development of a testicle
Moderatle tender testicular mass of sudden onset with fever?
grnaulomas in both tubules (same with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis) where lymphocytes attack and this is AUTOIMMUNE ORCHITIS
Abcess in epididymis?
gonorrheal infection
Syphilitic infection affects what male GU area first?
syphilis first involves the TESTIS
Testicular tumors are divided into what categories?
germ cell vs nongerm cell
Generalization of germ cell and nongerm cell tumor?
germ cell (95%) invasive
nongerm (5%) endocrinologic syndromes
Neoplastic germ cells divided into?
seminoma vs nonseminoma
Malignant potential of testicular tumors in cryptorchidism correlated with?
height of undescended testicle.
What are the nonseminomatous tumors?
choriocarcinomas, embryonal, yolk sac tumors, teratomas
People with the highest risk of developing germ cell tumors?
patients with disorders of testicular development
Uniform population of cells, tumor that peaks in 30's. Tumor marker?
placental alkaline phosphatase (seminoma)
Two germ call tumors that do not arise from an intratubular germ cell neoplasm? Age of presentation?
Teratoma (children) and spermatocytic seminoma (age 65+)
Glandular, alveolar cells with HCG or HCg?
embryonal carcinoma
Most common testicular tumor in infants?
yolk sac tumor
Histologic finding in Yolk sac tumors?
primitive glomeruli
Schiller Duval bodies?
primitive glomeruli seen in yolk sac testicular tumors in children
HCG secreting tumor found only as a small palpable mass?
Choriocarcinoma
60% of testicular tumors?
mixed tumors with teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor
lymph spread from testicular tumors go to?
retroperitoneal para-aortic nodes
Painful testicular cancer?
nonseminotamous... seminomas are painless
seminoma vs nonseminomatous testicular cancer?
seminomas are painless and have less malignant potential
Testicular swelling with gynecomastia?
leydig cell tumor ir androblastoma
Reinke crystals. What tumor and what is its malignant potentia?
Leydig cell tuomr, 90% benign
Immature seminiferous tubule - like tumor. What is it?
androblastoma! (sertoli cell tumor)
Most common form of testicular cancer in men over 65?
DLCL dissemination into testicle. (testicular lymphoma)
What is used to assess testicular tumor burden?
LDH
Three pathologies of prostate?
1) inflammation
2) benign nodular enlargement
3) tumor
difference between chronic bacterial and abacterial prostatitis?
both have >10 leukocytes per HPF but abacterial can't seem to isolate bacteria and there is no history of recurrent infection by same organism
most common epididymis infection in males below 35? above 35?
below: Chlamydia and n gonorrhea
above 35: e coli and pseudomonas
Most common surgical procedures in males > 65?
1) cataract extraction
2) transurethral resection of prostate
What is BPH?
hyperplasia of stromal and epithelial cells in periurethral egion of prostate
Pathogenesis of BPH?
increased estradiol causing increase in androgen receptors and sensitization to DHT action.
Action of DHT?
acts in an autocrine fashion on stromal cells as a mitogen.
DHT synthesis?
from testosterone by 5 alpha reductase
zones of hyperplasia in BPH?
transitional and periurethral
Most common factor in prostate carcinoma?
production of testosterone (orchiectomy inhibits this cancer)
precursor lesion to prostate carcinoma?
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
most reliable hallmark of malignancy in prostate carcinomas?
clear evidence of invasion of capsule with lymphatic and vascular channels