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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common malformation of the urethral groove and canal? complication?
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hypospadia; abnormal opening is contricted and predisposes to UTIs which may lead to sterility
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Phimosis? Cause?
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orfice of prepuce too small to permit normal retraction; congenital or repeated infection with scarring
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Balanoposthitis?
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glans and prepuce infection most commonly due to smegma accumulation
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Most frequent neoplasms of penis?
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condyloma acuminatum and carcinomas
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Carcinoma in situ of penis?
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1) Bowen's
2) erythroplasia of Queyrat 3) Bowenoid papulosis |
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HPV types assocaited with condyloma acuminatum?
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HPV 6 and 11
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Malignant potential of condyloma acuminatum?
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they tend to recur but do not evolve into invasive cancers
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Found in 80% of carcinoma in situs of the peneee?
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HPV 16. sixteeen in siiiitu
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Epidermal proliferation with dysplastic cells, sharply delineated with an intact BM?
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Bowen Disease
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red velvet on mucosa?
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erythroplasia of queyrat
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Carcinoma in situ of penis in younger pts. Describe lesions?
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multiple pigmented papular lesions of bowenoid papulosis.
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Type of carcinoma in situ that rarely becomes malignant
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Bowenoid papulosis
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Most frequent oncogenic virus found in SSC of penis?
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HPV16
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SSC lesions on penis found where?
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cauliflowerlike lesion by corona and inner surface of prepuce, progresses into ulcerating lesion
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Metastasis of SCC to?
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inguinal and iliac lymph nodes
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Most frequent pathology of epididymis?
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inflammatory disease
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most frequent pathology of testis?
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tumors, but since epidydimis is often inflammatory and the two are close, they often invade one another
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MIF controls what phase of testicular descent?
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Transabdominal phase until testis lie near pelvic brim
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2nd phase of testicular descent controlled by?
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calcitonin-gene related peptide (caused by androgen release) from genitofemoral nerve
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Prominent Leydig cells and Sertoli cells with no spermatogenesis?
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Testicular atrophy seen in cryptorchidism
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Why is there a paucity of germ cells in the contralateral/descended testicle?
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there is a hormonal basis for development of cryporchydism and development of a testicle
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Moderatle tender testicular mass of sudden onset with fever?
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grnaulomas in both tubules (same with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis) where lymphocytes attack and this is AUTOIMMUNE ORCHITIS
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Abcess in epididymis?
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gonorrheal infection
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Syphilitic infection affects what male GU area first?
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syphilis first involves the TESTIS
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Testicular tumors are divided into what categories?
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germ cell vs nongerm cell
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Generalization of germ cell and nongerm cell tumor?
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germ cell (95%) invasive
nongerm (5%) endocrinologic syndromes |
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Neoplastic germ cells divided into?
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seminoma vs nonseminoma
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Malignant potential of testicular tumors in cryptorchidism correlated with?
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height of undescended testicle.
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What are the nonseminomatous tumors?
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choriocarcinomas, embryonal, yolk sac tumors, teratomas
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People with the highest risk of developing germ cell tumors?
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patients with disorders of testicular development
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Uniform population of cells, tumor that peaks in 30's. Tumor marker?
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placental alkaline phosphatase (seminoma)
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Two germ call tumors that do not arise from an intratubular germ cell neoplasm? Age of presentation?
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Teratoma (children) and spermatocytic seminoma (age 65+)
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Glandular, alveolar cells with HCG or HCg?
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embryonal carcinoma
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Most common testicular tumor in infants?
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yolk sac tumor
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Histologic finding in Yolk sac tumors?
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primitive glomeruli
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Schiller Duval bodies?
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primitive glomeruli seen in yolk sac testicular tumors in children
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HCG secreting tumor found only as a small palpable mass?
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Choriocarcinoma
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60% of testicular tumors?
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mixed tumors with teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor
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lymph spread from testicular tumors go to?
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retroperitoneal para-aortic nodes
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Painful testicular cancer?
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nonseminotamous... seminomas are painless
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seminoma vs nonseminomatous testicular cancer?
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seminomas are painless and have less malignant potential
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Testicular swelling with gynecomastia?
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leydig cell tumor ir androblastoma
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Reinke crystals. What tumor and what is its malignant potentia?
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Leydig cell tuomr, 90% benign
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Immature seminiferous tubule - like tumor. What is it?
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androblastoma! (sertoli cell tumor)
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Most common form of testicular cancer in men over 65?
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DLCL dissemination into testicle. (testicular lymphoma)
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What is used to assess testicular tumor burden?
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LDH
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Three pathologies of prostate?
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1) inflammation
2) benign nodular enlargement 3) tumor |
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difference between chronic bacterial and abacterial prostatitis?
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both have >10 leukocytes per HPF but abacterial can't seem to isolate bacteria and there is no history of recurrent infection by same organism
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most common epididymis infection in males below 35? above 35?
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below: Chlamydia and n gonorrhea
above 35: e coli and pseudomonas |
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Most common surgical procedures in males > 65?
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1) cataract extraction
2) transurethral resection of prostate |
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What is BPH?
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hyperplasia of stromal and epithelial cells in periurethral egion of prostate
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Pathogenesis of BPH?
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increased estradiol causing increase in androgen receptors and sensitization to DHT action.
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Action of DHT?
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acts in an autocrine fashion on stromal cells as a mitogen.
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DHT synthesis?
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from testosterone by 5 alpha reductase
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zones of hyperplasia in BPH?
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transitional and periurethral
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Most common factor in prostate carcinoma?
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production of testosterone (orchiectomy inhibits this cancer)
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precursor lesion to prostate carcinoma?
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prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
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most reliable hallmark of malignancy in prostate carcinomas?
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clear evidence of invasion of capsule with lymphatic and vascular channels
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