Pathology - Femal Gu - Infections And Vagin

Front 1

Infection associated with OCP and pregnancy? What else is it associated with?

Back 1

Candida, also associated with DM

Front 2

Mycoplasma implicated in what GU pathologic processes?

Back 2

spontaneous abortion and chorioamnionitis

Front 3

Low risk HPVs

Back 3

6 and 11

Front 4

High risk HPVs

Back 4

16 and 18

Front 5

How does high risk HPV cause disease?

Back 5

viral genes code for E6 and E7 proteins which ubiquinates p53 for destruction and binds Rb

Front 6

What is p53 genee responsible for?

Back 6

stimulates apoptosis when DNA repair is impossible (p53 goes POW and binding by bax) by binding bax synthesis

Front 7

What does Rb gene control?

Back 7

Rb Regualtes cell cycle ( tumor suppressor) so immature cells dont enter S phase

Front 8

what is the bcl-2 gene responsible for?

Back 8

inhibition of apoptosis (BCL-2 goes BLOCK) by preventing cytochrome C release from mitochondria and binding Apaf-1 (pro apoptotic factor)

located on CH 18 and implicated in follicular lymphonas

Front 9

koilocyes are seen. What disese?

Back 9

HPV, these are vacuolated epithelial cells

Front 10

villous papillary stroma with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis?

Back 10

HPV

Front 11

Herpesvirus structure?

Back 11

linear dsDNA, enveloped

Front 12

subgroups of herpes?

Back 12

alpha beta gamma.

Front 13

alpha group of herpes

Back 13

HSV 1, 2, and VZV

Front 14

beta group of herpes

Back 14

CMV, HSV6and HSV7.

Front 15

Gamma group of herpes?

Back 15

EBV, HHV8

Front 16

where is beta herpes group latent?

Back 16

CMV in marrow progenitors, HSV 6 and 7 in T cells

Front 17

Where is gamma group latent?

Back 17

EBV in B cells (EBV is Epithelial and B cell Virus)

Front 18

Major cause of corneal blindness in US?

Back 18

HSV1, also mcc of fatal sporadic encephalitis and gingivostomatitis

Front 19

Large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions?

Back 19

Cowdry A in herpes (INTRAnuclear),

Front 20

Common cause of genital ulcer in Africa and SE asia, painful. Symptoms?

Back 20

H. ducreyi, papule that presents on genitalia a week after inoculation that erodes, may be multiple and accompanied by inguinal node enlargement.

Front 21

H ducreyi morphology?

Back 21

gram negative coccobacilli (Hemophilus are coccobuddies! with pseudomonas which is bacillus)

Front 22

gram negative rod that causes a painless mass

Back 22

klebsiella granulomatis, lymph nodes SPARED

Front 23

K granulomatis presentation?

Back 23

painless ulcerating lesion that spares regional lymph nodes

Front 24

pseudoepitheliomatus hyperplasia with exudate. Dx tool and what occurs if left unterated?

Back 24

dx w giemsa stain to ID organism. if left untreated, elephantitasis of external genitalia

Front 25

Hw to visualize syphilis?

Back 25

Silver Syphilis Stain Spirochetes STD.

Front 26

Describe primary syphilis.

Back 26

nontender chancre 3 weeks after contact that heals after 3 weeks.

Front 27

Secondary syphilis?

Back 27

2 months after chancre heals and cause diffuse macropapular lesions alll over

Front 28

condyloma latum

Back 28

secondary syphilis

Front 29

Prognosis after secondary syphilis?

Back 29

1/3 go onto tertiary which involve CV, neurologic, and gummas.

Front 30

Which syphilitic test has many false positives? why?

Back 30

VDRL because it is anti cardiolipin which can cross react

Front 31

which test turns positive the earliest and remains positive the longest?

Back 31

FTA-ABS (fast! turns + the quickest!)

Front 32

MCC of fungal infections?

Back 32

Candida albicans, its normal flora that breaches skin/mucosal barriers

Front 33

incidence of infection of Candida in women increases with?

Back 33

diabetes, pregnancy, OCP

Front 34

What is MCV-2?

Back 34

the most common Molluscum Contagiosum Virus, (2 is genitaaals, STD) a poxvirus

Front 35

purulent vaginal discharge 4 weeks after sex. What is it and how does it present?

Back 35

tichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan. Patient has strawberry cervix due to vasodilation.

Front 36

Fishy vaginal discharge. What does this predispose to

Back 36

Gardnerella vaginalis, predisposes to premature labor

Front 37

most common cause of bacterial vaginitis?

Back 37

gardnerella vaginitis, gram - bacillus (most down there are Gm - bacilli! like e coli too)

Front 38

MCC of PID

Back 38

gonorrhea and chlamydia, then enteric bacteria

Front 39

S/P of PID?

Back 39

spontaneous or induced abortions

Front 40

gonococcal vs non G PID infection?

Back 40

non-G involve lyph and vein spread which meands deeper layers of organs!

Front 41

Adhesions and fibrosis from PID complications can lead to?

Back 41

bowel obstruction, tubal obstruction, and ectopic pregnancy, and infertility

Front 42

Marsupialization is the treatment for?

Back 42

bartholin cyst

Front 43

two non-neoplastic vulvular lesions?

Back 43

think SKIN on vulva: lichen sclerosus and squamous cell hyperplasia (one is thinning and one is thickening)

Front 44

Which non-neoplastic vulvular lesions has increased change of developing SCC?

Back 44

lichen sclerosus

Front 45

What is lichen sclerosis?

Back 45

atrophy of epidermis and sclerosis of SUBepidermis with degeneration of basal cells

Front 46

What is lichen simplex chronicus?

Back 46

epithelial thickeing of vulva due to rubbing

Front 47

Often present at margins of vulvular cancer?

Back 47

lichen simplex chronicus (squamous cell hyperplasia)

Front 48

ectopic breast?

Back 48

papillary hidradenoma with columnar and mypoepithelial cells (duct cells!)

Front 49

precursor to SCC of vulva?

Back 49

VIN, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, associated with HPV 16

Front 50

most common malignant vulvular tumor?

Back 50

squamous cell carcinoma, presents w pain, discomfort, pruritis

Front 51

pruritic, red, crusted, demarcated gladular malignancy?

Back 51

extramammary paget disease confined to epidermis and adnex

Front 52

Congential anomalies associated with?

Back 52

in utero DES exposure (diethylbestrol)

Front 53

non-neoplastic disorders of the vaginal?

Back 53

mesonephric duct persistence = gartner duct systs,
also endometriosis

Front 54

premalignant lesions of vagina and what do they develop into?

Back 54

VAIN into SCC and Adenosis into adenocarcinoma

Front 55

what is adenosis?

Back 55

endocervical epithelium making its way into upper vag, related to DES exposure in utero

Front 56

SCC arises where and from what?

Back 56

posterior vaginoectocervical junction, either HPV related or spread from cervix or vulva

Front 57

most common tumor in vagina. Where?

Back 57

metastatic carcinoma at the cervix

Front 58

Posterior vaginal malignancy?

Back 58

SCC ( ADENO is ANTERIOR)

Front 59

polypid, grapelike mass in vagina under 5?

Back 59

sarcoma botryoides aka embroyonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 60

Implicated in cervical oncogenesis, how common is the virus and common prognosis?

Back 60

very common, 90% of infections are cleared within 2 years by the immune system

Front 61

types of cervical CIN?

Back 61

LSIL and HGIL (low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Front 62

what is HGSIL

Back 62

CIS with progressive deregulation of cell cycle, 100% have koilocytes

Front 63

premalignant, atypical, inner 1/3 pleomorphism?

Back 63

LGSIL

Front 64

CIN1, loss of polarity, increased mitotic figures in cervix?

Back 64

HGSIL, will be CIN2 if there is full thickness involvement

Front 65

Ki-67

Back 65

markedly increased in HGSIL CIN3 (proliferative index)

Front 66

most common cervical cancer? second?

Back 66

squamous cell carcinoma, then adenocarcinoma

Front 67

nests/tongues of malignant squamous epithelium underlying cervical stroma with keratin pearls?

Back 67

SCC of cervix

Front 68

proliferation of glandular epithelium with depletion of mucin?

Back 68

adenocarcinoma

Front 69

what is neuroendocrine carcinoma?

Back 69

like HPV + small cell carcinoma

Front 70

PAP smear recommendations?

Back 70

21 or 3 years of onset of sex

Front 71

if PAP is abnormal...

Back 71

follow w colposcopy

Front 72

HPV vaccine is to which types?

Back 72

6, 11, 16, 18.

Front 73

At what stageis cervical carcinoma confined to cervix? clinically visible?

Back 73

Ib