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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal System Function Urologic System Function |
-formation of urine -secretion and elimination of urine |
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Key parts of Kidney |
-glomerulus and bowmans capsule -Proximal/distal convoluted tubule -loop of henle -collecting duct (then into the calyx) |
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Where do drugs act on the kidney? |
-proximal/distal convoluted tubule |
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How does urine move through the ureter? |
-incoming urine stimulates smooth MM contraction |
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Main function of the kidney |
-remove waste and excess water -regulate Ca, Na, K -secretes 2 liters of urine/day |
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Filtration of blood in kidney |
Glomeruli - filter waste and fluid Bowman's Cap - collects filtrate Tubules - process filtrate and reabsorb water |
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Urine Composition |
-95% water -contains urea (AA), uric acid (nucleic acid), creatine (creatine phosphate), ammonia (bacteria) |
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Calcitriol (Vit D) |
-active form of Vit D -synthesized in skin when exposed to sun -taken to kidneys to convert to calcitriol -regulates absorption of Ca and P-parathyroid helps this |
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Erythropoietin |
-acts on bone to stimulates production of RBC |
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Renin |
-regulates blood volume and pressure |
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Urinalysis |
-look at color (yellow, turbidity) -look for pus or odors -pH of urine is 4.5-8 |
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Abnormal Urine |
-high levels of glucose (diabetes) -proteins (renal disease, heart failure) -ketones (starving) -hemoglobin (burns) -bile pigments (disease) -RBC (UT bleeding) -WBC (infection) |
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Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) |
-best estimate of renal fxn -uses creatine clearance to estimate GFR (overestimates) -volume of creatine filtered into the bowmans capsule over a unit of time |
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Normal Blood Valeus |
Creatine - .5-1.1 (women), .6-1.2 (men) BUN - 10-20 |
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Renal Failure |
-kidneys lose normal fxn -leads to build-up of water and toxic wastes -affects all other systems |
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Causes of Renal Failure |
-DM -HTN -glomerulonephritis -kidney disease -nephropathy -prolonged pain med use |
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Stages of Renal Failure |
-diminished renal reserve -renal insufficiency -renal failure -end-stage renal disease |
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Stage 1 failure (diminished renal reserve) |
-GRF 1/2 of normal -no symptoms -BUN and creatine normal |
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Stage 2 failure (renal insufficiency) |
-GFR 20-30% of normal -high levels of nitrogen waste in blood (azotemia) -anemia -HTN |
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Stage 3 failure (renal failure) |
-GFR less than 1/4 of normal -edema -metabolic acidosis -hypocalcemia -starts seeing effects on other organs |
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Stage 4 (ESRD) |
-10% function -uremia -all systems affected |
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Hematologic Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-anemia -bleeding |
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Body Fluid Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-urinary frequency -nocturia -dehydration -increased K -decreased Ca and P |
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Neurologic Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-memory loss -coma -siezures -tremors -weakness |
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Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-anorexia -vomitting -GI bleeding |
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Cardio/Pulm Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-dyspnea -rales -effusion -dyspnea -HTN |
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Genitourinary Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-impotence -amennorrhea -loss libido |
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Skeletal Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-osteoporosis -bone pain -fracture |
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Treatment of Renal Failure |
-dialysis until transplant |
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General Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-fatigue -weakness -decreased alertness and concentration |
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Skin Manifestations of Renal Failure |
-pallor -dry, itchy skin -brittle nails -urine odor in skin |
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What to know as a PT |
-they are losing Ca so increased fracture risk -check vitals -increased fall risk |
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Dialysis |
-blood is taken from forearm and filtered through machine -3 times per week -3-4 hours per session |
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Peritoneal Dialysis |
-done at home -completed 4 times per day -inserted through abdomen |
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Kidney Transplant |
-either a living or cadaver donor Cadaver - higher failure rate and low life expectancy Living - lower failure rate and high life expectancy |
