Pathogenic Microbiology Final Exam Review

Front 1

Characteristics of Helicobactor pylori.

Back 1

Gram-negative curved rod. Motile due to a polar tuft of flagella(1-7). Microaerophile, obligately respiratory metabolism.

Front 2

Diseases caused by Helicobactor pylori.

Back 2

Gastric and duodenal ulcers, Ulcers associated with development of gastric cancer.

Front 3

Reservoir for Helicobactor pylori.

Back 3

Human stomach.

Front 4

Main Virulance factors of Helicobactor pylori.

Back 4

Flagella, Urease which helps to neutralize acidic pH of the stomach, adhesins, vacuolating toxin, LPS resembles human lewis antigens (immune mimicry).

Front 5

Prevention and Treatment of Helicobactor Pylori.

Back 5

A combination of a proton pump inhibitor and an antibiotic.

Front 6

Characteristics of Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous colitis.

Back 6

Gram positive rod, sporeforming, obligate anearobe.

Front 7

Diseases caused by Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous colitis.

Back 7

Diarrhea, Pseudomembranous colitis causes severe ulceration of the colon mucosa.

Front 8

Reservoir for Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous colitis.

Back 8

Human colon (only found in about 5% of the population).

Front 9

Major Virulence factors for Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous colitis.

Back 9

Ability to overgrow in the colon if predominant colonic anaerobes decimated by antibiotics. Toxins A and B.

Front 10

Prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous colitis.

Back 10

Avoid use of antibiotics that reduce numbers of predominant colonic anaerobes. Monitor patients receiving antibiotics known to have such an effect. Treat patients who develop symptoms with anticlostridial antibiotics.

Front 11

Characteristics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Back 11

Gram-positive cell wall with unusally high lipid content. Rod shape, special stain required (acid fast stain), aerobic metabolism, very slow growth in culture, capable of long term survival in body.

Front 12

Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Back 12

TB or Tuberculosis.

Front 13

The Reservoir for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Back 13

Humans, espescially those with latent TB.

Front 14

Major virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Back 14

Ability to survie in lung mcarophages, avoidance of activated macrophage respnse, cell wall components that elicit damage to tissue, ability to survive for decades in walled off lesions.

Front 15

Prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Back 15

Diagnostic techniques include skin test and acid fast stain. Vaccine, but not effective in all populations (espescially the elderly and infants). Special anti-TB therapy requires multiple drugs taken for many months.

Front 16

Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Back 16

Gram positive diplococci capsule, many different serotypes (90+), Alpha-hemolytic on blood agar plates, Natural transformation system.

Front 17

Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Back 17

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, ear infections in children.

Front 18

Reservoir for Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Back 18

Human mouth and throat.

Front 19

Major virulance factors for Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Back 19

Antiphagocytic ploysaccharide capsule, adhesins, pneumolysin-pore forming toxin, LTA.

Front 20

Prevention and treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Back 20

Antibiotics, Capsular vaccine which happens to be the most complex vaccine available. There are new vaccines, future vaccines and passive immunization.

Front 21

Cyanosis

Back 21

Damage to lung, breakdown of gas exchange mechanism.

Front 22

Dissiminated intravascular coagulation. (DIC)

Back 22

The hightened number of bacteria cause cytokines and complement to be realesed resulting in a clotting affect in the blood. This causes black or reddish skin lesions.

Front 23

2 colony types associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. What are they?

Back 23

Translucent and opaque. Translucent forms bind more tightly to a disaccharide (N-acetyl
glucosamine-galactose) on oral epithelial cells and thus are selected
for.

Front 24

There are two types of pneumocytes in the lung.

Back 24

Type I: These are responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli.

Type II: This is a granular pneumocyte, smaller and with a cuboidal cell shape.

Front 25

Does a virus infection usually precede a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract? T or F?

Back 25

This is True.

Front 26

What does the protein LytA do?

Back 26

causes autolysis and pneumolysin is released as
bacteria are lysed
• Pneumolysin binds cholesterol in host cell membranes disrupting
them by forming pores, may also damage the ciliated cells. This reduces oxidative bursts.

Front 27

What does it mean if a protein binds to its Fc portion?

Back 27

Fewer bacteria are trapped int he mucin layer.

Front 28

Characteristics of the staphylococcus.

Back 28

Gram positive cocci, S. Aureus colonies have a golden color on complex media, coagulase positive (S. aureus), coagulase negative for S. epidermidis and S. Saprophyticus.

Front 29

Diseases caused by the various forms of Staphylococcus.

Back 29

S. Aureus: Toxinoses and infections at many different sites; septicemia.

S. epidermidis: Catheter-associated infections; biofils on plastic implants; endocarditis.

S. saprophysticus: Urinary tract infections.

Front 30

Reservoirs of Staphylococcus.

Back 30

Human body, enviroment: S. Aureus nose and skin; S. epidermidis on skin; S. Saprophyticus ubiquitous in teh environment.

Front 31

Major virulence factors of Staphylococcus.

Back 31

S. aureus: Protein toxins, lipoteichoic acid, surface adhesins, capsule, resistance to antibiotics.

S. epidermidis: Forms biolfilms on plastic (surface slime, adhesins), elicits an inflammatory respnose, resistance to antibiotics.

S. saprophyticus: Attaches to bladder cells, elicits an inflammatory response.

Front 32

Prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus.

Back 32

Hand washing, disinfectants, reduce length of catheter use, Vaccine for S. aureus under development, Passive immunization, Antibiotics.

Front 33

Characteristics of Yersinia pestis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Back 33

Gram negative coccobacillus, nutritionally fastidious, many growth requirements.

Front 34

Diseases caused by Yersinia pestis, enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis.

Back 34

Y. pestis: Bubonic and pneumonic plague.

Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis: Gastroenteritis.

Front 35

Reservoirs for Y. pestis, enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis.

Back 35

Y. pestis: fleas on wild and domestic rodents and cats.
Y. enterocolitica and Y. pestis: domestic animals, spread by contaminated food and water.

Front 36

Major virulence factors for Yersinia pestis, enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis.

Back 36

Y. pestis: Virulence plasmids (9.5 kbp, 101 kbp unique to Y. pestis), type II secretion system, injects toxic proteins into eukaryotic cells (70 kbp plasmid, F1 antigen - antiphagocytic, ability to obtain iron from host, ability to survive in flea, block flea digestion so that teh flea regurgitates.

Y. enterocolitica and psudotuberculosis: Adhesins (inv, ail, yadA), facilitate transit of M cells, type III secretion system (70 kbp plasmid).

Front 37

Prevention and treatment of Y. pestis, enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis.

Back 37

Y. pestis: Rodent control, monitoring disease in animal reservoirs, treatment with antibiotics.

Y. enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis: Avoid contamination of foods, cooking, pasteurization eliminate conatminating bacteria, usually not treated unless disease becomes sytemic.

Front 38

Characteristics of the type III secretion system associated with Yersinia species.

Back 38

1. Pore forming proteins.
2. YopB/YopD form channel.
3. Channel only opens on specific signal. This signal is low Ca++ of host cytoplasm.

Front 39

YopE and YopH are?

Back 39

Antiphagocytic

Front 40

Y. enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis mode of entrance.

Back 40

M Cells (Peyer's patches - inestinal tract)

Front 41

Which has YadA, enterocolitica or pseudotuberculosis?

Back 41

Enterolitica.

Front 42

Characteristics of Neisseria species.

Back 42

Gram negative diplococci, nonmotile.

Front 43

Diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningitidis.

Back 43

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea

Neisseria memingitidis: Epidimic meninghitis

Front 44

Reservoirs for the Neisseria species.

Back 44

Humans

Front 45

Major Virulence factors for the Neisseria species.

Back 45

N. gonorrhoeae: dhesins (bundle-forming pili), hypervariable surface antigens, serum resistance, iron acquisition strategies.

N. meningitidis: Capsule, invation of epithelia cells, serum resistance, iron acquisition strategies.

Front 46

Prevention and treatment of the Neisseria species.

Back 46

Vaccine available for some serotypes of N. meningitidis, antibiotics.

Front 47

Meningis are?

Back 47

The covering of the brain, hence meningitis is the inflamation of the covering of the brain.

Front 48

Besides Neisseria being gram negative diplococci they are also?

Back 48

Non-Sporeforming, oxidase positive, fastidious growth requirements.

Front 49

T or F? Is it quiet commen to have Gonorrhea and chlamydia at the same time?

Back 49

True.

Front 50

T or F? Carriers of Neisseria strains are usually asymptomatic?

Back 50

True.

Front 51

How is N. meningitidis transmitted?

Back 51

Through aerosols.