Path Exam 2 Neoplasia

Front 1

Desmoplasia

Back 1

Benign, fibrous stromal tissue that occurs in response to a neoplasm.
Can give neoplasms a hard, firm texture, resulting in a “scirrhous tumor”

Front 2

Adenoma

Back 2

A benign epithelial neoplasm that forms glands or is derived from glandular tissue

Tubular and villous adenomas of the colon, adrenal cortical adenomas, follicular adenomas of the thyroid

Front 3

Papillomas

Back 3

Benign epithelial neoplasms that have a finger-like architecture

Squamous papillomas of skin and mucous membranes, urothelial cell papillomas of the bladder

Front 4

Cystadenomas

Back 4

Benign neoplasms that form large cysts lined by benign epithelium

Serous and mucinous cystadenomas of the ovary

Front 5

Benign Tumors
(name)

Back 5

The general rule of nomenclature for benign mesenchymal tumors is to give the parenchymal cell type with the suffix –oma added:
Fibroma, chondroma, lipoma, osteoma
Benign epithelial tumors use a more complex nomenclature:
Adenoma
Papilloma
Cystadenoma
Papillary cystadenoma
Polyp

Front 6

Papillary Cystadenoma

Back 6

Benign neoplasms that form large cysts with central papillary proliferations

Front 7

Polyp

Back 7

A benign epithelial proliferation that projects or protrudes above a mucosal surface
Hyperplastic colon polyp, fundic gland polyp of the stomach

Front 8

Malignant mesenchymal tumors

Back 8

begin with the parenchymal cell type and have the suffix –sarcoma added
These are usually fleshy appearing, hence the use of sar (Greek for fleshy) + coma:
Fibrosarcoma
Liposarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 9

Malignant neoplasms derived from epithelial cells are termed?

Back 9

carcinomas
These neoplasms can be further classified by adding the cell type present and the tissue of origin if known.
Adenocarcinoma is the term used for carcinomas derived from glandular tissue.
Other modifiers such as architectural features may be added as well
Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, colonic or colorectal adenocarcinoma, renal cell adenocarcinoma (generally called a renal cell carcinoma), papillary urothelial cell carcinoma

Front 10

Mixed tumors

Back 10

Some neoplasms can have two elements.
A mixed tumor of salivary gland (also known as a pleomorphic adenoma) has an epithelial and mesenchymal component. A teratoma is a neoplasm of germ cell origin and has elements from more than one germ layer (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).
These neoplasms arise in the gonads or certain midline tissues and can be benign or malignant.
Benign teratoma, malignant teratoma

Front 11

Some neoplasms have traditional names that do not follow normal rules of nomenclature

Back 11

Melanoma (malignant tumor of melanocytes), lymphoma (malignant tumor of lymphocytes), seminoma (malignant tumor of germ cell origin), hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic adenocarcinoma)

Front 12

Choristoma

Back 12

Normal tissue in an abnormal location, ectopic tissue.
Ectopic gastric mucosa in the duodenum or a Meckel diverticulum, adrenal tissue rests beneath the renal capsule

Front 13

Hamartoma

Back 13

Tissues normally present at the neoplasms location, but arranged in an abnormal manner.
Pulmonary hamartoma (an unorganized mass of cartilage, blood vessels and lymphoid tissue, usually seen as a “coin” lesion in a chest radiograph)

Front 14

Malignant Tumor Growth
(steps)

Back 14

1. Transformation – malignant change
2. Growth of transformed cells
3. Local invasion
4. Distant metastases