Path 4 - Head & Neck

Front 1

Fibrous proliferative lesions in the mouth are?

Back 1

-irritation fibroma
-peripheral ossifying fibroma

Front 2

Granuloma begnin soft tissue lesions in the mouth are?

Back 2

- pyogenic granuloma
- peripheral giant cell granuloma

Front 3

An irritation fibroma of the mouth isis?

Back 3

most common fibrous proliferative lesion
on gingivodental line
submucosal nodule w limited growth potetntial

Front 4

A peripheraly ossifying fibroma of the mouth is?

Back 4

almost exclusively gingiva
young females
ossified, fibroma

Front 5

Pyogenic granuloma of the mouth is?

Back 5

rapid growth in gingiva of kids, young adults & PG women
ulcerated vascular prolif, bleeds
proliferating vessels

Front 6

What is peripheral giant cell granuloma of the mouth?

Back 6

bluish purple in gingiva
females 40-60
multinuc giant cells seperated by fibroangiomatous stroma

Front 7

What is aphthous ulcers?

Back 7

cankersores (noninfect)
v. common & familial
narrow ulcers w mucopurulent

Front 8

What is glossitis caused by?

Back 8

vitamin B12 deficiency
also riboflavin, naiacin, Fe, pyridoine

Front 9

What does glossitis look like?

Back 9

beefy red tongue due to papillae atrophy

Front 10

What is plammer vinson syndrome?

Back 10

iron deficiency causing: anemia, glossitis, esophageal dysphasia

Front 11

What is HSV-1?

Back 11

acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in recurrent, becomes dormant

Front 12

What are some features of oral candidiasis?

Back 12

pseudomebranous, erythematous, hyperplastic
readily scrapped off
immunosuppressed pts

Front 13

What are some precancerous conditions?

Back 13

hairy leukoplakia
erythroplakia

Front 14

Hairy leukoplakia is?

Back 14

benign asymptomatic eptihelial hyperplasia associated with EBV in immunocompromised pts

Front 15

What does hairy leukoplakia look like?

Back 15

lateral border of tongue
white confluent patches of fluffy hyperkerototic thickenings which cannot be scraped off
ballon cells in spinous layer

Front 16

What are some characteristics of leukoplakia?

Back 16

white plaque that cant be scrapped off
hyperkeroatosis overlying a thickened acantohotic epithelium

Front 17

What percent of leukoplakia becomes squamous cell carcinoma? improves spontaneously?

Back 17

4% -> SCC
10% -> sponto improvement

Front 18

What are some characteristics of erythroplakia?

Back 18

red, velvety, eroded, depressed area
subepithelial vascular dilataion
ominous

Front 19

What percent of erythroplakia is high grade dysplastic?

Back 19

90%

Front 20

How common is squamous cell carcinoma?

Back 20

6th MC neoplasm
95% of CA of head & neck

Front 21

What is the 5 year survival rate of squamous cell carcinoma?

Back 21

80%
long term less than 50%

Front 22

What is the field cancerization concept?

Back 22

multiple tumors -> 35% chance of devo at least 1 new primary tumor that is the most common cause of death

Front 23

What are some things that contribute to the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck?

Back 23

smoking
alcohol
HPV (16,18,31,33) oropharyng.
inherited genomic instability (over expression of EGFR)
lower lip sunlight
betel quid & paan

Front 24

What are the sites of origin of squamous cell carcinoma?

Back 24

floor of mouth
ventral surface of tongue
soft palate
base of tongue

Front 25

What are 5 variants of squamous cell carcinoma?

Back 25

verrucous carcinoma
spindle cell carcinoma
basaliod SCC
qdenosquamous carcinoma
undifferentiated carcinoma

Front 26

Where is the most common local metatses?

Back 26

cervical LN

Front 27

Where are the most common distant mets of SCC?

Back 27

lungs
liver
bones

Front 28

What are odontogenic cyts?

Back 28

derived from remnants of odontogenic epithelium present within the jaws

Front 29

What type of epithelium is odontogenic epithelium?

Back 29

stratified squamous epithelium
associated w odontogenic cysts

Front 30

What is odontogenic keratocyst?

Back 30

distinct lining of parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in 20-30s that reoccurs locally

Front 31

Nevoid Basal cell carcinoma syndrome is?

Back 31

multiple odotogenic keratocysts
multiple basal cell carcinomas of skin young
skeletal abnormalities
PTCH gene

Front 32

What does odontogenic keratocysts look like histologically?

Back 32

epithelial laye r is 6-8 cells thick
darkly stained basal layer
congruent lumenal surfaces

Front 33

What are benign odontogenic tumors?

Back 33

ameloblastoma

Front 34

What are malignant odontogenic tumors?

Back 34

ameloblastic carcinoma

Front 35

What are tumors of odontogenic ectomesenchyme?

Back 35

odontogenic fibroma
odontogenic myxoma

Front 36

What are benign tumors of odontogenic epithelium & ectomesenchyme?

Back 36

ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
ameloblastic fibrosarcoma

Front 37

What are malignant tumors of odontogenic epithelium & ectomesenchyme?

Back 37

ameloblastic fibroscaroma

Front 38

What are some inflamatory processes of the upper airway?

Back 38

infectious rhinitis
allergic rhinitis
nasal polyps
chronic rhinitis
sinitus

Front 39

Infectious rhinitis?

Back 39

common cold virus
edema & inflammation

Front 40

Allergic rhinitis?

Back 40

allergens cause Type I HSR
eosionphils

Front 41

Nasal polyps?

Back 41

protrusion of mucosa
ulcerated or infected
mixed inflammation

Front 42

chronic rhinitis?

Back 42

repeated acute rhinitis
deveated septum, polyps
extension into sinuses

Front 43

Sinusitis?

Back 43

rhinitis, periapical infection
emyema, inhabitant of oral cavity
mucomycosis (fungal)

Front 44

Begnin tumor of upper airways...

Back 44

nasal obstruction
clear, purulent, bloody rhinorrhea
headaches

Front 45

Malignant tumor of upper airway...

Back 45

facial assymetry or deformity
eye sx ie proptosis
periorbital swelling
buldging palate
loose or displaced teeth
neck mass
hearing loss

Front 46

Verrucous carcinoma is?

Back 46

wart-like papillary tumor. It is very well differentiated and oftentimes difficult to diagnose on superficial biopsy thus requiring numerous biopsies. It is locally aggressive, but does not metastasize.

Front 47

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (spindle cell carcinoma)is?

Back 47

carcinoma and sarcoma-like areas. Bulky polypoid mass that consists of malignant epithelial cells admixed with spindle cells that resemble sarcoma. Highly aggressive with worse prognosis than ordinary SCC indicated by using the term “sarcomatoid.”

Front 48

Basaloid SCC is?

Back 48

Highly aggressive tumor consisting of solid tumor islands with features similar to basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Front 49

Adenosquamous carcinoma is?

Back 49

mixture of malignant glandular and malignant squamous components, frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes and metastasis may show only one component.

Front 50

Undifferentiated Carcinoma is?

Back 50

similar to lymphoepithelioma in the nasopharynx section, EBV related.

Front 51

Robbins definition of field cancerization?

Back 51

exposure of the aero-digestive tract to carcinogens; commonly in the middle-aged male who smokes and drinks; now seen more in women smokers. High probability of multiple primary tumors anywhere in the upper alimentary canal from constant diffuse exposure to carcinogens. Constant surveillance following the first tumor is recommended for at least five years because a second tumor is common.

Front 52

Ameloblastoma, benign odotogenic tumor is?

Back 52

They look like intertwining epithelial islands. Multiple histologic types, the most common being that of follicles of odontogenic epithelium in a fibrous stroma with peripheral palisading mimicking enamel epithelium. (derived from cells that make teeth.) Key: Locally aggressive and can grow very large.