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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of nasal & paranasal paillomas?
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1. fungiform
2. inverted 3. cylindrical cell |
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Where do you find fungiform nasal papillomas?
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nasal septum
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Where do you find inverted nasal papillomas?
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lateral nasal wall
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Where do you find cylindrical cell (oncocytic) nasal papillomas?
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lateral
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Where do you fine nasopharingeal angiogibroma?
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roof of nose & nasopharynx
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What sex gets nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?
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males
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What percent of tumors is nasopharyngeal?
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<1%
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What is nasopharyngeal angiofibroma like?
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abnormal vascular network, connective tissue stroma & stromal cells
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What is mortality rate with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?
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9%
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What is mortality due to?
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hemmorrhage & intracranial extension
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What does olfactory neuroblastoma come from?
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malignant neuroectodermal neoplasm from olfactory epithelium
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What does olfactory neuroblastoma look like?
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slow growing dumbell shaped mass on either side of the cribiform plate
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What do you find histologically with olfactory neuroblastoma?
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homer-wright pseudorosetts
solid nests |
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Where do nasopharyngeal carcinomas arise from?
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lining epithelium of lymphoid rich tissue nasopharynx (Waldeyer's ring)
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What percent have cervical LN involvement?
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50-60% of 40-60 yo
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What are 3 types of nasopharyngeal carcinomas?
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1. keratinizing squamous
2. non-keratinizing squamous 3. undifferetiated |
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What are some non-neoplastic lesions of the larynx?
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reatic nodules & polyps
cysts (laryngocele) contact ulcer reactive epithelial changes |
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What are some benign lesions of the larynx?
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squamous papilloma & papillomatosis
grandular cell tumor, adult rhabdomyoma chondroma |
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What are some malignant tumors of the larynx?
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carcinoma of the larynx
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Where do you find reactive vocal cord nodules?
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bilaterally on opposing surfaces of the middle 3rd of vocal cord
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Where do you find single polyps on the vocal cords?
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ventricular or Reinke's space
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What are vocal cord nodules due to?
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voice abuse
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What do you see histologicallly with vocal cord nodules?
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edematous, vascular, myxoid or hyaline (fibrous) tissue
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What is squamous papilloma due to?
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HPV 6 & 11
recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children |
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What percent of squamous papilloma of the upper airway malignantly transforms?
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2-14%
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What do you see histologically with squamous papilloma of the upper airways?
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papillary, branching projections of squamous epithelium overlying fibrovascular cores
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What is the most common malignancy of the head and neck?
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squamous cell carcinoma
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Who is most likely to get SCC?
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85% of men with alcohol & tobacco use
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What is cholesteatoma?
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destructive squamous epithelial cyst of middle ear & mastoid
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What is cholesteatoma usually secondary to?
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otis media
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What may lead to complication with cholesteatoma?
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intracrainal extension may be lethal
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What percent of cholesteatoma is recurrent if it is completely exised?
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20%
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What do you see histologically with cholesteatoma?
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cystic mass with thin stratified squamous epithelium with prominent granular layer
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What is otosclerosis?
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abnormal bone deposition of the footplates of the stapes with inability to transmit sound vibrations resultin in conductive deafness
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What type of hearing loss do you get with otosclerosis?
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conductive deafness
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How do you get otoscleosis?
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autosomal dominant with variable penetrance
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What is the pathology of otoscleosis similar to?
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Paget's disease
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What is involved in otoscleosis?
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both ears
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What are 3 developmental & congenital lesions of the neck?
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1.branchial cyst & clef sinus
2.thryoglossaal duct cyst, sinus or fistula 3.torticollis (fibromatosis colli) |
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What is Brancial cyst or cleft sinus?
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from 2nd branchial cleft
anterior border of SCM |
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Waht is thyroglossal duct cyst, sinus or fistula?
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midline of anterior neck
repiratory epithelium w thyroid tissue in the wall |
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What is congenital torticollis?
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infilatration of the SCM by fibrous tissue
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What is the primary benign tumor of the neck?
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paraganglioma
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What does paraganglioma come from?
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neural crest cells
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What are 2 paraganglioma tumors?
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carotid body tumor
glomus jugulare |
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How does the carotid body tumor present?
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mass just inferior to the angle of the mandible
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What does glomus juglare arise from?
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jugular praraganglion
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What are the primary malignant lymphomas of the neck?
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Hodgkin's & non- hodkins from the LN of the neck
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Where do you get mets in the neck from?
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oral cavity
lung larnyx pancrease stomach kidney *practically any site! |
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What is a key difference between mets and primary tumors of the neck?
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primary - bilateral
mets - unilateral |
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What is virchow's node?
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enlarged L supraclavicular LN due to metastatic carcinoma of the GI especially stomach
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What are some things that cause salivary gland inflammation?
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sialadenitis (mumps)
*Sjogren syndrome Sialolithiasis |
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What are some cysts found in the salivary gland?
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*mucocele
lymphoepthelia cyst (AIDS) |
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What type of gland is parotid?
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serus
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What type of gland is submandibular?
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mixed
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What type of gland is sublingual?
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mucus
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What type of disease is sjgoren's?
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autoimmune disorder w lyphcytic infilatration of exocrine glands
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What antibodies are assoicated with sjgoren's?
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SS-A (RO) & SS-B (la)
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What are sx of sjgoren's?
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dry mouth & eyes
(xerstomia & keratoconjunctivitis sicca) |
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What is primary sjgoren's?
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sicca complex
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What is secondary sjogren's?
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association with other autoimmune disorders like RA
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What is a mucocele?
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most common non-neoplastic lesion of salivary glands seen in the first 2 decades of life
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Where do you most commonly see a mucocele?
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lower lip
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What do you see histologically with a mucocele?
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low epithelial lining, walls with inflammatory cells
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What is pleomorphic adenoma?
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most common benign salivary gland tumor
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Where does pleomorphic adenoma usually occur?
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80% parotid gland
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What do you see histologically with pleomorphic adenomas?
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ductal epithelial cells & mioepithelial cells within a mesenchymal stroma
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What is the reoccurance rate of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands?
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2.5-45%
2-7% malignant transformation |
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What is the most common bilateral salivary benign tumor?
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Warthin's tumor
2nd MC overall to pleomorphic adenoma |
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Where do you usually see this tumor and in whom?
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parotid gland of males
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What is unique about this tumor?
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biphasic
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What does it mean by biphasic?
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double layer of oncocytic epithelium with cuboidal basal & overlying columnar luminal cells
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What is the recurrance rate of Warthin's tumor?
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4-25%
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What is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor?
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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What gland has the worst prognosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
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submandibular glands
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What do you see histolgically with mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
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mucus, intermediate & epidermoid cells
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What are the recurrance rates for mucopidermoid carcinomas?
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40% locally
15% in regional LN & distantly |
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Where do you find 75% of adenoid cystic carcinoma?
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minor salivary glands
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What gland with adenoid cystic carcinoma has the worst prognosis?
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submandibular
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What is another name for this type of tumor?
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basaloid
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What is the metastatic rate of adenoid cystic carcinoma?
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60%
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What is also commonly involved in adenoid cystic carcinoma?
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cranial nerves
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What do you see histologically with adenoid cystic carcinoma?
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hyperchromatic, membranous substance, swiss cheese appearance
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