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410 - Protection shall be provided by...

Basic & Fault protection.


Additional protection may be needed in special locations.

410 - Protective measures shall consist of one or more of following:

Automatic Disconnection of Supply.


Double or Reinforced Insulation.


Electrical Separation for the Supply to one or more item of current-using equipment.


Extra-low voltage (SELV & PELV)

410 - Most commonly used protective measure is?

ADS

411.1 - Describe what ADS consists of...

Basic protection by means of basic insulation, barriers/enclosures.


Fault protection by earthing, bonding & automatic Disconnection when fault arises.

411.3 - What does Table 41.1 cover?

Max disconnections times in which protective device should operate.

411.4 - In TN systems what must be fulfilled by characteristics of protective devices & impedances?

Zs x Ia ≤ Uо x Cmin



Cmin = 0.95

Equation.

411.4 - In TN systems, the following types of protective device may be used for fault protection.

An overcurrent protection device.


An RCD.


*When an RCD is used for fault protection, the circuit shall incorporate an overcurrent protective device.*

411.4 - What is Table 41.2 for?

Max Zs for fuses for 0.4s disconnection time with Uo of 230V

411.4 - What is Table 41.3 for?

Max Zs for circuit breakers for 0.4s disconnection time with Uo of 230V

411.4 - What is Table 41.4 for?

Max Zs for fuses for 5s disconnection time with Uo of 230V

411.5 - In TT systems, one or more of following types of protective device to be used.

RCD (preferred)


Overcurrent protective device.


*When an RCD is used for fault protection, the circuit shall incorporate an overcurrent protective device.*

411.5 - TT system, RCD is used for fault protection, the following shall apply.

RCD shall meet times in Table 41.1 or 1s.


RA x IΔn ≤ 50V

411.5 - TT system what is Table 41.5 for.

Max Zs for RCDS for Uo of 230V

411.6 What does this section cover?

IT system

411.7 what are nominal voltages for FELV.

50V AC or 120V DC

411.7 Give example of source of FELV.

Transformer with simple separation between windings.

411.8 Covers reduced low voltage systems, what are nominal voltages not exceeded?

110V AC rms between lines.


3-phase is 63.5V to earthed neutral


single-phase is 55V to earthed midpoint.

411.8 - What does Table 41.6 cover?

Max Zs for 5s disconnection of 55V (SP) & 63V (3P)

412 - Double or reinforced insulation is a protective measure in which basic protection is provided by ..... & fault protection is provided by.... or Basic & fault protection is provided by....

Basic insulation.


Supplementary insulation.


Reinforced insulation between live parts & accessible parts.

413 - Electrical separation is a protective measure where basic protection is provided by.... & fault protection is provided by....

Basic insulation and barriers or enclosures.


Simple separation of separated circuit form other circuits and earth.