Parasitology Exam 1

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Symbiosis

Back 1

The common life, permanent in character,oforganisms that are specifically distinctand have complementary needs. Livingtogether of two species of organisms.

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Commensalism

Back 2

Occurs when one member of theassociating pair, usually the smaller, receives all the benefit and the othermember is neither benefited nor harmed. The basis for a commensalistic relationship between two organisms maybe space, substrate, defense, shelter, transportation, or food.

Front 3

Mutualism

Back 3

Occurs when each member of thesymbiotic relationship benefits the other.

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Parasitism

Back 4

An obligatory association betweentwo distinct species in which the dependence of the parasite upon its host is ametabolic one involving mutual exchange of substances. The dependence is the result of a loss by theparasite of genetic information. Parasites are several orders of magnitude smaller than their hosts.

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Zoonoses

Back 5

Diseases or infections that arenaturally transferable between vertebrate animals and humans.

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Toxoplasmosis

Back 6

Can infect a wide range of vertebratesand may be transferred between animals and humans.

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Anthroponoses

Back 7

Human diseases that are transmissible to animals.

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Lifecycle

Back 8

A description of the life history of theparasite including all of its associations with vertebrates and other hosts.

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Directlifecycle

Back 9

The infective stage of the parasite (suchas a cyst, egg or motile larva) released by one host is directly taken up(often ingested) by another host, in which the parasite grows and develops.

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Indirectlifecycle

Back 10

A life cycle in which the parasite requires one ormore additional hosts, often belonging to a different phylum, tocomplete their development.

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Host

Back 11

Living animal or plant harboring oraffording subsistence to a parasite.

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Definitivehost

Back 12

The host in which the parasite undergoessexual reproduction. This is most oftenthe vertebrate host.

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Intermediatehost

Back 13

A host that is required by the parasitefor completion of its life cycle, but one in which only the asexual or immaturestages of the parasite occur.

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Transporthost

Back 14

An organism that merely carries the non-developing parasite to the next host. (passive!)

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Paratenic host

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A potential intermediate host inwhich there is no development of the immature parasite; the host does not favoror hinder the parasite in the completion of its life cycle. The parasite may exist for longer periods herethan in a transport host.

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Reservoirhost

Back 16

An infected definitive host (animal)serving as a source from which other animals or humans can become infected.

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Transmission (4 types)

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1. Fecal-oral transmission (most common!)

2. Skin Penetration

3. Blood borne transmission

4. Mechanicaltransmission

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Mechanicaltransmission

Back 18

The transference of a parasite fromone host to another without development in the vector.

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Mechanical transmission (ex)

Back 19

Biting flies can transfer parasiteswithout development in the fly

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Vector

Back 20

An agent of transmission

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Biologic vector

Back 21

An intermediate host such as a mosquitowithin which a malarial parasite grows and develops.

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Inanimate Vectors

Back 22

Inanimate agents such as water and windmay also be vectors

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Pathogenesis

Back 23

Developmentof a disease.

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Pathology

Back 24

Studyof a disease, especially structural and functional changes caused by disease.