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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Diphenhydramine indicated for?
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Moderate to severe allergic reactions
Anaphylaxis (to prevent any further harm) Acute Extrapyramidal symptoms Motion Sickness Sleep Aid |
It's Benadryl
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What is an example of a natural catecholamine?
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Epinephrine
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What are the two main classes drugs are divided into?
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics |
One is by how drugs MOVE through the body, and
one is how the body is AFFECTED. |
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What does NSAIDS stand for?
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NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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What are the "RIGHTS" of Medication
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Right DOSE
Right PATIENT Right ROUTE Right MEDICATION Right DOCUMENTATION Right TIME |
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Name the side effects of ALBUTEROL?
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Tachycardia, Dizziness, Dysrhythmias, Dry Mouth
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On a Pulse Oximeter, what is considered MODERATE HYPOXIA?
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A reading on a Pulse Oximeter of 85 - 90
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What is the ACTION of Epinephrine?
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"Brochodialator, Vasoconstrictor
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What are the SIDE EFFECTS of Epinephrine?
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Tachycardia, Angina, Headache, Restlessness, Dysrhythmias
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Name some examples of ENTERAL routes of medication.
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"Oral, Sublingual, Rectal
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Name some examples of PARENTAL routes of medication.
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Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous (SubQ), Intraosseous, or Intrademal
Any route NOT involving the GI tract |
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What class of AntiDysrhythmics SLOW DOWN the heart?
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Class I of AntiDysrhythmics do this.
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INOTROPIC affects what part of the heart?
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The heart's CONTRACTILITY (or POWER) is effected by this action.
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If a drug is said to have "Chronotropic effect" on the heart, what is it referring to?
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This effect is referring to the heart's time or order of the beats.
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These two classes of Antihypertensives drugs work directly on the heart.
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"Calcium Channel Blocking Agents
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These two classes of Antihypertensives drugs work directly on the circulatory system
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"Direct Vasodilators
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What does a Loop AntiHypertensive/Diuretic?
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This drug pulls the excess fluid from the body's circulatory system so the heart can have more power to pump.
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Airway resistance
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Resistance of the flow of air in the lungs, created by the bronchioles
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An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery; due to a congenital defect or weakness in the wall of the vessel
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Aneurysm
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Severe chest pain caused by relative deficiency of O2 supply to heart muscle. Manifestation of myocardial ischemia. S/S include: steady severe pain in heart region; pale ashen or livid face; pulse variable; usually quick & tense. Attacks last ~30 min
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Angina
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Used to control or prevent irregular cardiac rhythms
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Antiarrhythmic medications
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Delays of prevents blood coagulation. Pts on this medication bleed easily. Caution must be taken with shaking, percussion & handling
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Anticoagulants
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Irregular heart beats
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Arrhythmias
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Deposits of cholesterol. Causes narrowing of the arteries, compromising the inner layers of blood vessels
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Atherosclerosis
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The arterial walls thicken and lose their elasticity. Commonly called "hardening of the arteries"
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Arteriosclerosis
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An obstructive airway disorder common in young children that can be exacerbated by the presence of specific allergens
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Asthma
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Collapse of one or more lobes of the lung
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x
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x
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A respiratory stimulant used to decrease spasms of involuntary muscles and decrease secretions
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Atropine
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Use of a stethescope to listen to the sounds of the heart and lungs. Utilized to assess abnormal respiratory sounds, and to measure a patients BP
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Auscultation
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Medications used to decrease HR, BP, contraction and stroke volume of heart & decrease O2 demands. Agents are utilized to treat: hypertension, angina, specific cardiac arrhythmias; post myocardial infarctions
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Beta-blockers
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A slow heartbeat characterized by a pulse rate of below 60 beats per minute
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Bradycardia
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Abnormally slow breathing
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Bradypnea
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Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection usually involving the lower portion of the lung
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Bronchiectasis
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An obstructive lung disorder resulting in inflammation of the mucus membrane of the bronchial airways, results in a productive cough
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Bronchitis
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Usually an inhaled medication to relax smooth muscles (bronchial), and open the airways
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Bronchodilators
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Medications used to increase contractility of the heart and decrease the heart rate
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Cardiac glycosides
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The amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute. _____________ is determined by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate
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Cardiac output
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Enlargement of the heart
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Cardiomegaly
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The process of ventilating and circulating blood for a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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A pattern of breathing common in severe head injuries or patients about to expire. There is an increase in inspiration followed by a series of gradually decreasing tidal volumes with a period of apnea
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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Degeneration of the elastic quality of the valve tissue, poor venous dilation, and muscle pump dysfunction. Lower extremity hyperextension and fluid retention
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Chronic venous insufficiency
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Any respiratory condition characterized by chronic abnormal expiratory flow rates. Decrease in the lungs ability to perform ventilation
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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A condition that affects the toes, fingers and the tips of the fingers. They take on a bulbous appearance due to chronic hypoxia
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Clubbing
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A cogenital heart defect resulting in narrowing of the aorta beyond the origin of the arteries that supply the extremities
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Coarctation of the aorta
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A condition in which the heart is unable to adequately circulate blood resulting in edema
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Congestive heart failure (CHF)
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Right ventricular failure due to chronic respiratory problems
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Cor pulmonale
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Medication used to reduce edema and inflammation in the tissue
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Corticosteroids
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The easiest method of clearing the airway and removing excess secretions. The rectus abdominis is the primary muscle utilized to produce __________
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Coughing
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Bluish tinge to the skin from decreased oxygen and an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
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Cyanosis
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An obstructive lung disorder that is genetically based resulting in dysfunction of the exocrine glands. Leads to chronic lung infections and pancreatic dysfunction
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Cystic fibrosis
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An overall decrease in fitness level due to prolonged bed rest or inactivity and may be accompanied by orthostatic hypotension
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Deconditioning
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An inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus, may be life threatening
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Deep vein thrombosus (DVT)
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Excessive sweating
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Diaphoresis
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Type of breathing pattern used to improve gas exchange & increase lung volume. The patient is semi-reclined, during exhalation, gentle pressure is applied changing to firm pressure at end of exhalation. During inhalation, resistance is applied by PT
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Diaphragmatic breathing
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Decreased ability to breathe with ease, at rest or with exertion. Amount measured on a scale of +1 to +4; +1 is mild that is noticeable to the pt. only, +4 is severe difficulty with breathing & pt. cannot continue the activity
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Dyspnea
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A blood clot that forms in one part of the body and travels to another part. The clot commonly travels to the heart or the lung obstructing an artery, can be life threatening
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Embolism
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Thick, colored, malodorous, often frothy production of sputum from the lungs of patients with COPD. Laboratory analysis and the characteristics often aid in the diagnosis of, and classifying the severity of the disease
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Expectorant
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Rank or foul smelling. Sputum that usually occurs with cystic fibrosis or lung abcesses is described as ___________
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Fetid
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The amount of air that can be forcefully expelled following a maximal inspiration
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Forced vital capacity (FVC)
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Extra heart sounds often associated with congestive heart failure. There are three sounds in each cycle. The sound resembles the galloping of a horse
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Gallop rhythm (murmurs)
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A partial or complete interference of the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. Alters the rhythm of the heartbeat, known as arrhythmia
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Heart block
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Blood-tinged sputum, arising form the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or the lungs
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Hemoptysis
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Blood in the pleural cavity caused by a rupture of blood vessels resulting from inflammtion of the lungs in pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis
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Hemothorax
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A respiratory exercise used to increase maximal expiration without increasing intrathoracic pressure. The patient will produce a sound similar to "Ha,Ha,Ha" during expiration
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Huffing
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Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
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Hypercapnia
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Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood, measured by arterial oxygen parital pressure (PaO2) values
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Hypoxemia
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An oxygen deficiency, a decreased concentration of oxygen in the inspired air
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Hypoxia
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Insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to maintain the airway
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Intubation (endothracheal)
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A temporary lack of blood supply due to an obstruction of the circulation to the part. Lack of blood supply to the heart leads to angina pectoris
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Ischemia
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The removal of one or more lobes of the lung
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Lobectomy
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Accumulation of fluid due to an obstruction of the lymphatic system. Results in swelling of the extremities
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Lymphatic disease (lymphedema)
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The maximal amount of air exchanged in the lungs per unit ot time
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Maximal aerobic power (max VO2)
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The difference between the resting and the maximal heart rate
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Maximal heart rate reserve (HRR)
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the amount of air exchanged into the lungs in one minute
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Maximum minute ventilation (VeMax)
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The amount of oxygen the body utilizes while the patient is at rest
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Metabolic energy expenditure (MET)
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White or clear sputum that can be present with a chronic cough for pulmonary disorders like bronchitis or cystic fibrosis
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Mucoid
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Death of a tissue surrounded by healthy tissue, resulting from ischemia
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Necrosis (ischemic)
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Respiratory condition in which the patient has difficulty breathing in any position but an erect sitting or standing position
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Orthopnea
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A decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with positional changes. Occurs when a person assumes an upright position from a supine position. Usually exacerbated after prolonged bed rest
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Orthostatic hypotension
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Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
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PaCO2
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A forceful, rhythmical pattern applied to the chest wall of a patient, performed by cupping the hands or with a mechanical device. Assists in loosening of secretions and aids in the process of removal
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Percussion
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The membranous fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the bases of the great vessels
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Pericardium
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Supplying of an organ or tissue with nutrients and oxygen by injecting blood or other suitable fluid into an artery
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Perfusion
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A serous membrane that surrounds both lungs and is replicated upon the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. Secretions assist with decreasing the resistance during respiratory movement
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Pleura
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Fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal pleura
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Pleural effusion
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An inflammation of the alveoli, interstitial tissue, and bronchioles of the lungs due to an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms, or to irritation by chemicals or other agents (eg, oil, radiation, drugs)
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Pneumonia
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Air or gas in the pleural cavity that can cause a collapse of the lung if not treated
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Pneumothorax
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The positioning of a patient so that the involved lung segments are perpendicular to the ground thereby using gravity to assist in removal of excess secretions
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Postural drainage
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Effusion of serous fluid into the alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lungs. Caused by a weakening or failure of the left ventricle, which allows blood to back up and increase pressure in the pulmonary capillaries. Is life threatening
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Pulmonary edema
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Type of breathing-enables person with COPD to exhale passively by increasing intrabronchial pressured air out of lungs with assistance-they cannot do it with their lung capacity. The maneuver alters air flow rate & prevents bronchial collapse
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Pursed lip breathing (gently blowing out candles)
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Adventitious lung sounds heard on ausculation of the chest. Produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or sudden opening of collapsed airways. Diseases such as chronic bronchitis, heard primarily on inspiration
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Rales or crackles
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The amount of red blood cells present in the blood can determine how well the body is transporting oxygen to the heart and lungs
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Red blood cells (RBC)
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An adventitious sound heard during auscultaion as the person breathes. Wheezes are usually heard with expiration. Occurs when the airway is partially blocked due to secretions, mucosal swelling, or tumor tissue pressing on the passage.
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Rhonchi or wheezing
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A high pitched, harsh sound heard during respiration. Resembling the sound of blowing wind due to an obstruction of the upper airway
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Stridor
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The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricel with each heartbeat
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Stroke volume
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An increased heart rate. Adults would be > 100 beats/minute
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Tachycardia
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An increased respiratory rate
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Tachypnea
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A pre-selected heart rate determined to be within safe exercise limits for an individual patient
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Target heart rate
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Surgical incision of the chest wall
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Thoracotomy
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The formation, development, or existence of a blood clot within the vascular system. Is a life-threatening event
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Thrombosis
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A position in which the patients head is low and the body and legs are on an elevated and inclined plane. Utilized during postural drainage. The head of the bed is tipped down 15 to 18 degrees
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Trendelenburg position
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Medications that cause dilation of the blood vessels
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Vasodilators
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buccal
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drugs administered against the mucous membranes of the cheek in either the upper or lower jaw.
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extravasation
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refers to the escape of fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissues while the needle or catheter is in the vein.
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infiltration
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is the collection of fluid into tissues when the needle or catheter is out of the vein.
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inhalation
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the process of administering drugs by inhaling them. (exanmples: bronchodialators, antiinflammatory drugs.)
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intradermal
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drugs administered in the dermal layer of the skin.
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intramuscular
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drugs administered by giving them into the muscle.
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intravenous
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drugs administered directly into the vein.
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drug errors
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can be defined as any occurrence that can cause a patient to receive the wrong dose, wrong drug, an incorrect dosage, wrong route, or a drug given at the incorrect time.
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Subcutaneous
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Drugs administered in the subcutaneous layer or the fatty layer.
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sublingual
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drugs given by placing them under the tongue.
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transdermal
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The route used for the drug to be absorbed through the skin.
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universal precautions
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precautions used to protect the patient and staff when coming in contact with blood or body fluids.
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amp
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ampule
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bid
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twice a day
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cc
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cubic centimeter
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cm
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centimeter
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D5W
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5% dextrose and water
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DC, disc, d/c
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discontinue
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dl, dL
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deciliter
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fl, fld
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fluid
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Gm, g, gm
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gram
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gtt
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drops
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h, hr
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hour
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ID
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intradermal
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IM
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intramuscular
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IV
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intravenous
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kg
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kilogram
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L, l
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liter
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lb
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pound
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mcg
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microgram
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mEq
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milliequivalent
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mg
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milligram
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ml
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milliliter
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MOM
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Milk of Magnesia
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MS
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morphine sulfate
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NaCl
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sodium chloride
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NKA
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no known allergies
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NKDA
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no known drug allergies
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noc
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at night
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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NS
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normal saline
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os
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mouth
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p
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after
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po, PO
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by mouth
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q
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every
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q2h
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every 2 hours
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q3h
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every 3 hours
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qam
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every morning
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qd
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everyday
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qh
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every hour
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qid
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four times a day
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qod
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every other day
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SC, subq
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subcutaneous
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SC, Sub-Q, S-Q
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subcutaneously
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SL
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sublingual
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stat, STAT
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immediately
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Supp
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suppository
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tid
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three times a day
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What is an Antipyretic?
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This is a fever reducer.
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Substance that decreases blood glucose levels.
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Insulin
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Substance that increases blood glucose levels.
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Glucagon
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What is the abbreviation CRTZ stand for and what is it?
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"ChemoReceptor Trigger Zone"
The zone which stimulates vomiting in response to serotonin receptors in the stomach and blood-borne substances such as opioids & ipecac. |
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Protamine
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Drug used to reverse the effects of Heparin when unintended bleeding is present.
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Coumadin
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Also called Wararin. Drug that prevents coagulation by antagonizing the effcts of Vitamin K
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