Ouhsc Pharmacology Exam 2 Set 2 Chemotherapy

Front 1

Penicillins: penicillin G

Back 1

narrow spectrum drug effective against G+ and some G- bacteria; NOT STABLE IN ACID so only given by injection bc of erratic results. se=allergic rxn, rash

Front 2

Penicillins: penicillin V

Back 2

same properties as penicillin G but IS ACID STABLE AND GIVEN ORALLY; se=allergic rxn, rash

Front 3

Penicillins: amoxicillin

Back 3

penetrate outer membrane of G- bacteria thru "R" group modification, so useful for both G- and G+ bacteria. EXTENDED ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM, best absorbed penicillin after orally given. NO ADVERSE EFFECTS.

Front 4

Cephalosporins: First generation or oldest=Cephalexin

Back 4

1st generation are EXTENDED SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS; mostly effective against G+ but some G- also. Each higher # generation works more against G- bacteria and less likely to be hydrolyzed by Beta lactamase enzymes.
LOW TOXICITY, SHORT ACTION, RAPID URINE ELIMINATION, INCOMPLETE GI ABSORPTION

Front 5

Macrolide antibiotics:

Back 5

bind on ribosomes (30S and 50S) SELECTIVE TOXICITY BC DONT INHIBIT SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN CELLS; bacteriostatic agents, G+ effective with some G-. EXTENDED SPECTRUM

Front 6

macrolide antibiotics: erythromycin & clarithromycin

Back 6

one of the first "large ring"; NOT ACID STABLE and not comopletely absorbed by GI tract.
clarithromycin is acid stable and well absorbed by gi tract and often used instead of erythromycin; longer half life so can be given less frequently; BOTH METABOLIZED IN LIVER
se of erythromycin=10-20% gi problems

Front 7

macrolide antibiotics: azithromycin

Back 7

once a day bc of slow bodily elimination; MOST WIDELY USED MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC bc of its once a day use.

Front 8

tetracycline: Doxycycline

Back 8

excellent absorption from gi tract, long half life and lack of adverse effects. BROAD SPECTRUM; bind to 30S ribosomal units and used as bacteriostatic antibiotics. high conc in skin and saliva. depostied in calcium of teeth and bones. DONT TAKE MILK AND DAIRY OR ANTACIDS WITH THIS DRUG BC THEY PREVENT ABSORPTION. se of doxycycline=superinfections, phototoxicity. contraindicated in preg women and kids bc of tooth enamel deposition and dental caries in kids.

Front 9

Fluoroquinolones: Levofloxacin

Back 9

selective toxicity; bacteriacidal; BROAD SPECTRUM; work against G+; orally effective, high conc in urine and genitourinary tract. OFTEN TREAT UTI's. se=permanent damage to cartilage in growing animals and not recocmended for people under age 18. antacids inhibit absorption; phototocity, hepatotoxicity,"", alterered heart rythm

Front 10

2 forms of fungi:

Back 10

yeast (single cell) and mold(multi cell); selective toxicity and have a sterol called ergosterol

Front 11

The Azoles: Fluconazole

Back 11

inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis by fungal enzymes resulting in poor function and fungal cell death. monistat and lotrimin are over the counter topical ointments. fluconazole is orally efective; low incidence of adverse effects; se=systemic infections causing liver toxicity; like macrolide drugs they can affeect metabolism of other drugs.

Front 12

Antiviral nucleoside analogs: Acyclovir & Zidovudine

Back 12

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
acyclovir controls HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTIONS; well tolerated; pro-drug form=valacyclovir which is better absorbed after given orally.
zidovudine TX HIV INFECTIONs; VERY TOXIC THOUGH BUT first reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Front 13

parasitic infections: Chlorquine

Back 13

treats malaria by interfering w/reproduction of parasite in RBC's. resistance is now wide spread though; artemisniin derivatives from china

Front 14

parasitic infections: pyrantel pamoate

Back 14

treats intestinal worms, orally, in single dose

Front 15

define resistance to chemo

Back 15

microbes or tumor cells have lost their sensitivity to drugs that at one time could be used to control them. broad spectrum help with this

Front 16

corticosteroids

Back 16

1.effects:anti inflammatory decreasing WBC, lipid metabolism, cushings syndrome, blood effects of t cells. ADME by liver. ACTH RELEASE UPON WITHDRAWAL. causing fever and malaise. trial and error dosing; toxicity is proportional to dose and # of doses. slowly discontinued therapy to decrease hpa and withdrawal syndrome. USES: replacement tx, allergies (bee sting, asthma), arthritis, cerebral edema, ocular dz, gi, cancer, skin dz.

Front 17

estrogens:

Back 17

1. estradiol: synthesized in ovarian follice under influense of FSH. estrogen receptor acts as a transciption factor when bound. actions=maturational effects of female, growth of pubic hair, vaginal develpment, endometrial lining, continuously given=endometrial hyperplasia. causes increased bone mass, decrease LDL, coag effects. hypertension and thrombus issues.

Front 18

progestin:

Back 18

progesterone: synthesized in ovary in response to LH. made in placenta. actions=menstrual cycle, pregnancy maintenance. hormone replacemtn therapy positives=retard bone loss, help hot flashes and short term memory. negatives=cv issues, cancer (breast/endometrial). POSTIIVE EFFECTS WEAR OFF IN TIME.