Pharmacology Exam 2

Front 1

central nervous system

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

Peripheral nervous system

Back 2

1. Somatic motor
2.Autonomic
-Parasympathetic
-sympathetic

Front 3

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 3

Rest and Digest
- slowing heart rate
-increasing gastric secretions
-emptying bladder and bowel
-focusing the eye for near vision
-contracting bronchial smooth muscle

Front 4

sympathetic nervous system

Back 4

-regulation of cardiovascular system
---^ maintains blood flow to the brain, redistributes blood, and compensates for blood loss^---
-regulation of body temp
---^regulates blood flow to skin, promotes secretion of sweat, induces piloerection (erection of hair)^---
-fight or flight response
---^increase HR and BP, shunting blood away from skin and viscera, dilating the bronchi, dilating the pupils, mobilizing stored energy^---

Front 5

transmitters

Back 5

-transmit impulses
-stimulate release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
-activate receptors

Front 6

receptors

Back 6

when activated cause a specific effect on an organ
-Vasodialation
-Relaxation

Front 7

transmitters of the pns

Back 7

-Aceytlcholine
-Norepinephrine
-epinephrine
-dopamine

Front 8

receptors of the pns

Back 8

-cholinergic
-adrenergic

Front 9

cholergenic

Back 9

-mediated by aceylcholine (ACh)

Front 10

adrenergic

Back 10

-mediated by norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 11

cholinergic receptors

Back 11

-Nicotinic n
-Nicotinic m
-Muscarinic

Front 12

Adrenergic receptors

Back 12

-Alpha 1 and Alpha 2
-Beta 1 and Beta 2
-Dopamine

Front 13

Nicotinic n (neuronal)

Back 13

Class: Cholinergic Receptor

Function:
-promotes ganglia transmission
-promotes release of epinephrine

Front 14

Nicotonic m (muscle)

Back 14

Class: Cholinergic Receptor

Function: Contraction of skeletal muscles

Front 15

Muscarinic

Back 15

Class: cholinergic receptor

Function: Activates parasympathetic nervous system

Front 16

alpha 1

Back 16

Class: Adrenergic Receptor

Function:
-Vasoconstriction
-Ejaculation
-Contraction of bladder neck and prostate

Front 17

alpha 2

Back 17

Class: Adrenergic Receptor

Function:
-Located int eh presynaptic junction
-minimal clincal significance

Front 18

beta 2

Back 18

Class: Adrenergic receptor

Function:
-Bronchial dilation
-relaxation of uterine muscles
-vasodilation
-glycogenolysis

Front 19

dopamine

Back 19

class: Adrenergic receptor

Function:
-Dilates renal blood vessels

Front 20

alpha agonists

Back 20

stimulate alpha receptors

Front 21

alpha blockers

Back 21

block alpha receptors

Front 22

beta agonist

Back 22

stimulate beta receptors

Front 23

beta blockers

Back 23

block beta receptors

Front 24

Drugs that MIMIC pns

Back 24

-parasympathomimetics
-cholinergic drugs
-cholinergic agonists
-muscarinic drugs

Front 25

Drugs thatBLOCK pns

Back 25

-parasympatholytic drugs
-anticholinergics
-cholinergic antagonists
-antimuscarinics

Front 26

Drugs that MIMIC sympathetic nervous system

Back 26

-sympathoimetic
-adrenergics
-adrenergic agonists

Front 27

effects of SNS

Back 27

-BP increase
-Pulse increse
-pupils dialate
-secretions decrease

Front 28

effects of PNS

Back 28

-BP decrease
-pulse decrease
-pupils constrict
-secretions increase

Front 29

muscarinic poisoning

Back 29

-Source: ingestion of mushrooms
-Overdose

Front 30

treatment for muscarinic poisoning

Back 30

muscarinic blocking agents-atropine

Front 31

pilocarpine

Back 31

-Class: muscarinic agonists
-Prototype Drug? yes

Effects:
-constricts pupils and cillary muscle improving aqueous humor drainage (decrease ocular pressure)

Nursing Considerations:
-teach proper eye drop admin
-begin med in PM
-report any eye pain
-avoid OTC drugs
-report respitory problems

Other uses: for xerostomatitis

Contradictions:
-Asthma
-peptic ulcer disease(PUD)

Side Effects:
-CV symptoms: dizzy,flushing,diaphoresis,reflex tachycardia,risk of A fib
-Bronchospasm
-increased lacrimation
-decrease vision

Front 32

bethanacol

Back 32

Class: muscarinic agonist
Prototype drug? yes

Uses:
-acute urinary retention
-GERD
-Ileus
-postoperative abdominal distention
Administration: PO or SC
CAUTION: do not give IM or IV or with mechanical GI obstruction or after GI surgery
Nursing Considerations:
-atropine on standby
-assess bowel sounds and skin flushing
-may catheretize in 30min if no response

Front 33

muscarinic antagonists

Back 33

drugs that block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors

Front 34

atropine

Back 34

Actions:
-increases heart rate
-decreases secretions
-relaxes bronchial muscle
-decreases bladder tone
-decreases GI tone and motility
-dilates the pupil
-CNS excitation

Uses:
-Pre-anesthestic
-Disorders of the eye
-bradycardia
-intestinal hypertoxicity and hypermotility
-muscarinic agonist poisoning
-asthma
-biliary colic
-peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Adverse effects:
-dry mouth (xerostomia)
-blurred vision
-photophobia
-increaes intraocular pressure
-urinary retention
-constipation
-tachycardia
-anhydrosis (lack of sweating)
-asthma

Front 35

antimuscarinic/Anticholinergics

Back 35

Uses:
-symptomatic bradycardia
-eye exams
-bladder spasms
-urinary frequency or incontinence
-rhinorrhea
-mushroom poisoning

Front 36

antimuscarinic/anticholinergic drugs

Back 36

Uses:
-Symptomatic bradycardia
-eye exams
-bladder spasms
-urinary frequency or incontinence
-rhinorrhea
-mushroom poisoning
*w/ anesthesia
-decrease bronchia secretions
-prevent bradycardia
-prevent side effects of AChEt

Side Effects:
-dilation of pupils (photophobia)
-absolute contraindication: Glaucoma(increased intraocular pressure)
-slows GI tract motility:constipation
-urinary retention
-respiratory distress:thickened secretions
-speeds heart rate
-xerostomia

Front 37

examples of antimuscarinic drugs

Back 37

-Scpolamine
-Ipatoprium bromide
-dicyclomine
--trihexyphenidyle (Artane)
-Benztropine (cogentin)
*last two in Parkinson's disease

Front 38

antimuscarinic poisoning

cause?

Back 38

caused because epinepherine predominates

Front 39

sources of antimuscarinic poisoning

Back 39

-Atropa belladonna
-datura stramonium
-antihistamines
-phenothiazines
-tricyclic antidepressants
-atropine
-scopolamine

Front 40

symptoms of antimuscarinic poisoning

Back 40

direct result of excessive muscarinic blackade
-dry mouth
-blurred vision
-phtophobia
-hypethermia
-CNS effects(delerium)
-flushing
-respiratory depression causing death

Front 41

treatment of antimuscarinic poisoning

Back 41

1. Minimize intestinal absorbtion
-syrup of ipecac
-activated charcoal
2.Administer the antidote
-Phystigmine (neostigmine) (AChel)
-This will compete with the antimuscarnic agent for receptor binding, there byreversing excessive muscarinic blockade

Front 42

cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 42

-drugs that prevent the degradation of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase

Front 43

effects of cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 43

-effects muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
-same as parasympathomimetic drugs
---excessive slaivation,sweating,urinary urgency,diarrhea

Front 44

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that requires axon conduction blockade. Which medication will the nurse obtain?

A. Receptor agonist
B. Receptor antagonist
C. Local anesthetic
D. Beta2 Blocker

Back 44

C- it is non selective and will numb wherever the nurse puts it.

Front 45

A patient receives medication that results in activation of the acetycholine receptors of the heart the nurse should assess the patient for which intended effect?

A. Decreased heart rate
B. Dysrhythmia suppression
C. Increased heart rate
D. Improved contractility

Back 45

A. Decreased heart rate

Front 46

Parasympathetic Nervous System Drugs aid in what?

Back 46

- Digestion of food
- Excretion of waste
-Control of vision
- Conservation of energy