Otc Lpn Adult Health Chapter 4 Care Of The Patient With Musculoskeletal Disorder

Front 1

hematopoiesis

Back 1

blood cell formation

Front 2

Bones

Back 2

long, short, flat & irregular

Front 3

long bones

Back 3

found in extremities

Front 4

short bones

Back 4

found in hands & feet

Front 5

flat bones

Back 5

found in skull & sternum

Front 6

irregular bones

Back 6

vertebrae (backbone)

Front 7

articulations

Back 7

joints

Front 8

synarthrosis

Back 8

no movement

Front 9

amphiarthosis

Back 9

slight movement

Front 10

diarthrosis

Back 10

free movement

Front 11

ankylosis

Back 11

fixation of a joint, often in abnormal position

Front 12

arthrocentesis

Back 12

puncture of a patient's joint w/a needle & withdrawl of synovial fluid for diagnosis, pain relief or to instill meds.

Front 13

arthrodesis

Back 13

surgical fusion of a joint

Front 14

arthroplasty

Back 14

repair or refashioning of one or both sides, parts, or specific tissue within a joint

Front 15

synovectomy

Back 15

excision of synovial membrane

Front 16

osteotomy

Back 16

cutting into bone to correct bone or joint deformities

Front 17

hemiarthroplasty

Back 17

bipolar hip replacement

Front 18

Neufeld nail

Back 18

used in repair of intertrochanteric fractures

Front 19

Kuntscher nail (intramedullary rod)

Back 19

used to repair midshaft femoral fractures

Front 20

sliding nails

Back 20

used in repair of intertrochanteric fractures

Front 21

crepitus

Back 21

crackling sound; similar to when hair is rubbed between fingers or throwing salt on open fire; associated with gas gangrene, rubbing of bone fragments or crackles of lung in pneumonia.

Front 22

Seven P's

Back 22

1. Pulselessness
2. Paresthesia (numbness or tingling)
3. Paralysis or paresis
4. Polar temperature
5. Pallor
6. Puffiness (edema)
7. Pain

Front 23

callus

Back 23

bony deposits formed between & around broken ends of a fractured bone during healing.

Front 24

Colles' fracture

Back 24

Fx of distal portion of radius within 1" of wrist joint; often done when falling and using hands to break the fall

Front 25

Pott's fracture

Back 25

Fx at distal end of fibula; chipping off a piece of medial melleouls w/displacement of foot outward.

Front 26

compartment syndrome

Back 26

condition caused by progressive development of arterial compression & reduced blood supply to an extremity; can result in tissue necrosis

Front 27

fibromyalgia

Back 27

chronic syndrome of unknown etiology; causes pain in muscles, bones or joints

Front 28

kyphosis

Back 28

rounding of thoracic spine; hump-backed syndrome

Front 29

lordosis

Back 29

increase curve at the lumbar space, throwing shoulders backcoliosiss

Front 30

scoliosis

Back 30

curvature of the spine

Front 31

open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF)

Back 31

surgical procedure allowing fx alignment under direct visualization while using various internal fixation devices applied to bone.

Front 32

paresthesia

Back 32

numbness or tingling sensation

Front 33

unicompartmental knee replacement

Back 33

partial knee replacement

Front 34

sequestrum

Back 34

fragment of necrotic bone that is partially or entirely detached from the surrounding or adjacent healthy bone.

Front 35

subluxation

Back 35

partial dislocations

Front 36

tophi

Back 36

calculi containing sodium urate deposits that develop in periarticular fibrous tissue

Front 37

Volkmann's contracture

Back 37

permanenet contracture that can result from compartment syndrome; clawhand; T-rex

Front 38

axial skeleton

Back 38

core; skull, hyoid bone in neck, vertebral column & thorax (chest)

Front 39

appendicular skeleton

Back 39

outer; upper & lower extremities, should girdle & pelvic girdle (excluding sacrum)

Front 40

muscle function

Back 40

motion, maintence of posture, & production of heat

Front 41

bone function

Back 41

support, protection, movement, mineral storage & hematopoiesis

Front 42

epimysium

Back 42

layer of connective tissue, ensheathing the muscle

Front 43

perimysium

Back 43

sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles or fascicles. 

Front 44

endomysium

Back 44

wispy layer of connective tissue that ensheaths each muscle fiber

Front 45

tendon

Back 45

tough cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Front 46

tendon sheaths

Back 46

sleeves or tubelike structures of connective tissue; contain synovial fluid

Front 47

ligament

Back 47

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

Front 48

synaptic cleft

Back 48

small gap between nerve cell and muscle cell; filled with tissue fluid

Front 49

acetylcholine

Back 49

neurotransmitter for muscle tissue

Front 50

cholinesterase

Back 50

enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine after message has been transferred

Front 51

Neostigmine

Back 51

cholinesterase inhibitor; treats Myasthenia Gravis by keeping acetlcholine around

Front 52

laminography

Back 52

used to locate small cavities, forgien bodies & lesions; also called planography or body section roentgraphy

Front 53

scanography

Back 53

method of producing a radiograph of organs using series of parallel beams that eliminate size distortion; accurate bone length measeurement

Front 54

myelogram

Back 54

x-ray w/injection of radiopaque dye into subarachoid space at the lumbar spine; detects herniated disk syndrome (herniated nucleus pulposus) or spinal tumors; patient must be in Semi-Fowlers for 8 hrs. after; 12 hrs. if oil based dye was used

Front 55

myasthenia gravis

Back 55

progressive autoimmune disorder; skeletal muscle fatigue & weakness; breakdown in communication between nerves & muscles

Front 56

endocrine system

Back 56

controls deposit of minerals (Cal, Mag, K)

Front 57

endocrine gland responsible for keeping calcium in bones 

Back 57

thyroid

Front 58

osteomalcia

Back 58

soft, brittle deformed bones; called rickets in children

Front 59

Fosamax (bisphosphonate)

Back 59

Treats low calcium; similar to estrogen but fewer side effects

Front 60

osteoporosis

Back 60

holes in bones creating sponge-like appearence

Front 61

Paget's disease

Back 61

enlarges bone; deformed bones (bowed legs)

Front 62

osteoarthritis

Back 62

erosion of bone at joint

Front 63

rheumatoid arthitis

Back 63

autoimmune disorder

Front 64

gout

Back 64

form of arthritis caused by build-up of uric acid in joints

Front 65

NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Back 65

Increased GI bleeding; renal & cardiac damage with long term use.

Front 66

Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors

Back 66

Technically NSAIDs; decreases the production of prostaglandins that causes pain & inflammation; may increase heart problems; contraindications-sulfa drug allergy

Front 67

DMARDs (disease-modifying Anti-rheumatic drugs)

Back 67

Used in RA when other meds don't work
Pheumatrex (methotrexate)
Neoral (cyclosporine)
Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)

Front 68

electromyogram

Back 68

needle electrodes are inserted into muscles to record electrical activity

Front 69

osteomyelitis

Back 69

bacterial infection of bone & bone marrow; caused by trauma, strep, e coli, etc.

Front 70

pulmonary fat embolism

Back 70

rare but most serious complication of long bone fractures; petechie on neck, chest, axillary & conjunctiva of eye is sign