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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sigma bond
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overlap is directly between two nuclei (every bond contains 1 sigma bond)
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Pi bond
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the overlap is above and below the sigma bond (formed by overlap of unhybridized p-orbitals
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How to find hybridization?
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Count the charge clouds to determine
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What's the bond angle of
sp? sp2? sp3? |
180°
120° 109.5° |
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How to answer...
"C-O sigma bond of acetone is formed from the overlap of what orbitals?" |
If asked for a pi bond, always overlap of 2 p orbitals.
If asked for sigma bond, just the two types of hybrid orbitals of each atom. |
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Structural/constitutional isomers
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Same molecular formula, but the atoms are connected in a different order
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Stereoisomers
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Atoms that are connected to each other in the same order, but they differ in their arrangement in space (R/S, E/Z, cis/trans)
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When do I have cis/trans isomerism possible?
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A- -C
=== B- -D cis/trans is only possible when A≠B and C≠D |
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Be careful for isomers
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to make sure double bond is in same position and that the substituents are on the same carbons
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What is bp a good measure of?
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intermolecular forces
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What is solubility an expression of?
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intermolecular forces, like dissolves like
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What will be soluble in water?
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salts, polar organic molecules where the polar part is not overcome by huge non-polar R groups (4+ carbons cause problems)
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How does branching affect solubility?
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With larger carbon pieces, the more branched isomer will be more soluble in water. (Tucking non-polar pieces in)
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What will be soluble in hexane?
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Most organic compounds as long as they're not too polar.
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How does branching affect bp?
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Lowers it (less sticky as fists than flat hands)
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Alkanes
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Just carbon and hydrogen, no multiple bonds
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Alkenes
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At least one C-C double bond
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Alkynes
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At least one C-C triple bond
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Aromatics
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For now, benzene and compounds that contain benzene rings
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A molecule can belong to more than one class of compound.
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Class of compound ≠ functional group
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