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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crude oil is a mixture of.. |
hydrocarbons. |
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Hydrocarbons contain |
hydrogen and carbon atoms only. |
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How is crude oil fractionated. |
Heated until most has vaporized. Fed into a fractionating column. Hotter at bottom and cooler at top. When vapour passes up column it cools and different fractions condense at different levels. Fractions with highest BPTs condense near the bottom. |
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What are the names of the five fraction? |
Refinery Gases Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil and bitumen |
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How would you describe fractions with higher melting points? |
They are more green. They are more viscous. The are less flammable. They are more sooty. |
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How do you convert lardge hydrocarbons to small ones? |
Heat them to 600/700 degrees and use Al2O3 catalyst. |
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What is the general formula of alkanes? |
CnH2n+2 |
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What are the first six names? |
Methane. Ethane. Propane. Butane. Pentane Hexane |
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Do larger alkanes have higher or lower boiling points. |
Higher because as surface area increaes so does the strength of the intermolecular forces. |
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The smaller the molecules (alkanes) |
The more volatile The more flammable |
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How reactive are alkanes? |
Very unreactive |
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What is complete combustion? |
Alkane + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + Water |
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What happens during incomplete combustion? |
Alkane + Oxygen ---> Carbon monoxide + water Alkane + Oxygen ---> Carbon + water -soot and yellow flame |
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What is a homologous series? |
Same general formula Similar chemical properties. |
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Do alkanes ever react? |
Yes, with UV light. One of the H atoms is substituted for a Br atom to make Bromomethane |
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What is the general formula for an alkene? |
CnH2n |
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Do alkenes react with bromine? |
Yes, C2H4 + Br2 ---> C2H4Br2 Turns bromine water from orange to colourless Addition reaction Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes |
