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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is organic chemistry? |
The study of carbon compounds derived from crude oil |
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Why can carbon form millions of compounds? |
Carbon can bond with itself forming long chains of carbon atoms Carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms using a single, double or triple bond Carbon can bond to other non metals like nitrogen, hydrogen and halogens |
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What is the process of carbon bonding to itself called? |
Catenation |
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What is a carbon atom? |
A non-metal with can form 4 covalent bonds as it has 4 electrons in the outer shell. |
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How many bonds can hydrogen make? |
1 |
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How many bonds can halogens make? |
1 |
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How many bonds can oxygen make? |
2 |
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How many bonds can nitrogen make?
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3 |
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What is the empirical formula? |
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound |
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What is the molecular formula? |
The actual number of atoms of each element present in a compound |
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What does the displayed formula do? |
It shows all the bonds in a compound. |
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What does the structural formula do? |
It doesn't show all the bonds |
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What does the skeletal formula do? |
It shows a line which has angles where carbons are. It shows no elements |
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What is a hydrocarbon? |
Any compound containing only hydrogen and carbon. |
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What is a saturated hydrocarbon? |
An alkane |
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What do alkanes contain? |
Only single c-c bonds |
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What is the general formula for alkanes? |
CnH2n+2 |
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What does this general formula apply to? |
It only applies to straight chain alkanes, not cyclic alkanes |
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What is the general formula for cyclic alkanes? |
CnH2n |
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What are unsaturated hydrocarbons? |
Alkenes |
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What do unsaturated hydrocarbons contain? |
At least one multiple bond between carbons |
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What do alkenes contain? |
A c-c double bond |
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What are compounds with a triple bond between carbons called? |
Alkynes |
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What other compounds are unsaturated? |
Compounds containing a benzene ring (aromatic compounds) |
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What is the general formula for alkenes? |
CnH2n |
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What is a homologous series? |
A family of compounds containing the same functional group but with each successive member of the series differing by a CH2 group |
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What happens to the physical properties as compounds increase by CH2? |
Their Mr increases by 14 each time. Also, the melting and boiling points increase as there are more induced dipole dipole interactions to break. |
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What is a functional group? |
An atom/group responsible for the characteristic reqactions of a compound. |
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What doesn't have a functional group? |
Alkanes. Hence, they are fairly unreactive compounds |
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What is the functional group and its name of alkenes? |
C-C double bond and alkene group |
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What is the functional group and its name of haloalkanes? |
F,Cl,Br,I Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo |
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What is the functional group and its name of alcohols? |
OH Alcohol or hydroxyl group |
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What is the functional group and its name of aldehydes?
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CHO with a double bond between the C and O Aldehyde group |
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What is the functional group and its name of ketones?
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Three carbons bondind together with a double bond between the middle C and an O. Ketone group |
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What is the functional group and its name of carboxylic acids? |
COOH Carboxyl group |
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What is the functional group and its name of esters?
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COO Ester group |
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What is an alkyl group? |
A group represented by the letter R which has the general formula CnH2n+1 |
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What can R also represent? |
Other fragments of organic compounds not involved in a reaction. |
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What are aromatic compounds? |
Compounds containing a benzene ring |
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What are aromatic compounds also known as? |
Arenes |
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What is the formula of a benzene ring? |
C6H6 |
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What are aliphatic compounds? |
Compounds of carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings |
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What are alicyclic compounds? |
A subdivision of aliphatic compounds. They're arranged in non-aromatic rings, with or without side chains |
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What is the general formula of an alcohol? |
CnH2n+2O |
