Organic Brain Biopsychology Chapter 1

Front 1

ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR

Back 1

Behavior that benefits someone other than the individual engaging in the behavior.

Front 2

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

Back 2

Change in a population's genetic frequencies as a result of breeder's selection of desired individuals for mating.

Front 3

AUTOSOMAL GENE

Back 3

Any gene on any chromosome that is NOT a sex ( X & Y ) chromosome.

Front 4

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Back 4

Study of physiological, evolutionary, & developmental mechanisms of behavior & experience.

Front 5

CHROMOSOME

Back 5

Gene bearing DNA strand.

Front 6

CROSSING OVER

Back 6

Exchange of parts between 2 chromosomes during replication.

Front 7

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID ( DNA )

Back 7

Double-stranded chemical chromosomes are composed of this; template for RNA synthesis.

Front 8

DOMINANT GENE

Back 8

Gene that shows strong effect on both homo and heterozygous conditions.

Front 9

DUALISM

Back 9

Belief that mind & body exist indepedently but somehow interact.

Front 10

"EASY" PROBLEMS

Back 10

Questions pertaining to certain concepts of consciousness; difference between awake & asleep, attention mechanisms.

Front 11

ENZYME

Back 11

Any proteins that catalyze biological reactions.

Front 12

EVOLUTION

Back 12

Change in genetic frequency / variety of a population over generations.

Front 13

EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION

Back 13

Understanding a species in terms of evolutionary history; what evolved from what.

Front 14

FITNESS

Back 14

Number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations.

Front 15

FUNCTIONAL EXPLANATION

Back 15

Understanding why a structure or behavior evolved the way it did; why something served as an advantage and therefore evolutionarily selected.

Front 16

GENE

Back 16

Unit of heredity that maintains its structural identity from one generation to the next.

Front 17

"HARD" PROBLEM

Back 17

Philosophical questions of why & how brain activity is associated with consciousness.

Front 18

HERITABILITY

Back 18

An estimate ranging from 0-1.0 of how much of the variance in a population is due to heredity, rather than environment. (Nature over nuture)

Front 19

HETEROZYGOUS

Back 19

Having 2 unlike genes for a given trait.

Front 20

HOMOZYGOUS

Back 20

Having 2 identical genes for a given trait.

Front 21

IDENTITY POSITION

Back 21

View that mental processes are the same as brain processes but are called by different terms.

Front 22

KIN SELECTION

Back 22

Selection for a gene because it benefits individual's relatives.

Front 23

LAMARCKIAN EVOLUTION

Back 23

A discredited theory that evolutionn proceeds through the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Front 24

MATERIALISM

Back 24

View that everything that exists is material or physical.

Front 25

MENTALISM

Back 25

View that only the mind exists.

Front 26

MIND-BODY / MIND-BRAIN PROBLEM

Back 26

Question of how the mind is related to the brain.

Front 27

MONISM

Back 27

The theory that mental & physical substances are the same; opposite of dualism.

Front 28

MULTIPLIER EFFECT

Back 28

A tendency for small genetic / prenatal influences to alter the environment in a way that the change is magnified.

Front 29

MUTATION

Back 29

The change in a gene during reproduction.

Front 30

ONTOGENIC EXPLANATION

Back 30

Understanding a structure or behavior in terms of how it developed.

Front 31

PHENYLKETONURIA ( PKU )

Back 31

The inherited inability to metabolize a phenylalanine leading to mental retardation unless the afflicted person stays on a strict low phenylalanine diet throughout childhood.

Front 32

PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

Back 32

Understanding a behavior in terms of how it is related to the activity of the brain and other organs.

Front 33

PROBLEM OF OTHER MINDS

Back 33

Difficulty in knowing whether other people / animals have conciousness.

Front 34

RECESSIVE GENE

Back 34

A gene that affects a homozygous condition, but not heterozygous.

Front 35

RECOMBINATION

Back 35

Reassortment of genes during reproduction leading to a characteristic not apparent in either parent.

Front 36

RIBONUCLEIC ACID ( RNA )

Back 36

A single strand chemical that serves as a template for the synthesis of protein molecules.

Front 37

SEX-LIMITED GENE

Back 37

A gene that primarily influences one sex.

Front 38

SOCIOBIOLOGY

Back 38

The field concerned with how & why various social behaviors evolved.

Front 39

SOLIPSISM

Back 39

The philosophical position of 'I alone exist -- I alone am concious'.

Front 40

X CHROMOSOME

Back 40

Chromosome of which female mammals have 2 and males have 1.

Front 41

Y CHROMOSOME

Back 41

Chromosome of which male mammals have 1 and females have none.