Ohio State Psych 1100 - Midterm 2 - Memory

Front 1

The ability to store and retrieve information over time

Back 1

Memory

Front 2

The process by which we transform what we perceive think, or feel into an enduring memory

Back 2

Encoding

Front 3

The process of maintaining information in memory over time

Back 3

Storage

Front 4

The process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded or stored

Back 4

Retrieval

Front 5

The process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory

Back 5

Elaborative Encoding

Front 6

The process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures

Back 6

Visual Imagery Encoding

Front 7

The process of categorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items

Back 7

Organizational Encoding

Front 8

Holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

Back 8

Sensory Memory

Front 9

A fast-decaying store of visual information

Back 9

Iconic Memory

Front 10

A fast-decaying store of auditory information

Back 10

Echoic Memory

Front 11

Holds nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

Back 11

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Front 12

The process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it

Back 12

Rehearsal

Front 13

Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks

Back 13

Chunking

Front 14

Active maintenance of information in STM

Back 14

Working Memory

Front 15

Holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years

Back 15

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Front 16

The inability to transfer new information from the STM store into the LTM store

Back 16

Anterograde Amnesia

Front 17

The inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation

Back 17

Retrograde Amnesia

Front 18

A process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier

Back 18

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Front 19

A type of receptor site in the brain that influences the flow of information from one neuron to another by controlling the initiation of LTP in most hippocampal pathways

Back 19

NDMA Receptor

Front 20

External inforamtion that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind

Back 20

Retrieval Cue

Front 21

The idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way the information was initially encoded

Back 21

Encoding Specificity Principle

Front 22

The tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval

Back 22

State-Dependent Retrieval

Front 23

States that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding context of the situations match

Back 23

Transfer-Appropriate Processing

Front 24

A process by which retrieving an item from LTM impairs subsequent recall of related items

Back 24

Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

Front 25

The act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences

Back 25

Explicit Memory

Front 26

The influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware they are remembering them

Back 26

Implicit Memory

Front 27

The gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice or "knowing how" to do things

Back 27

Procedural Memory

Front 28

An enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus

Back 28

Priming

Front 29

A network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

Back 29

Semantic Memory

Front 30

The collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place ("mental time travel")

Back 30

Episodic Memory

Front 31

Forgetting what occurs after a passage of time

Back 31

Transience

Front 32

Situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier

Back 32

Retroactive Interference

Front 33

Situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later

Back 33

Proactive Interference

Front 34

A lapse in attention that results in memory failure

Back 34

Absentmindedness

Front 35

Remembering to do things in the future

Back 35

Prospective Memory

Front 36

A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

Back 36

Blocking

Front 37

The temporary inability to retrieve information that is stored in memory, accompanied by the feeling that you are on the verge of recovering the information

Back 37

Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience

Front 38

Recall of when, where, and how information was acquired

Back 38

Source Memory

Front 39

A feeling of familiarity about something that has not been encountered before

Back 39

False Recognition

Front 40

Tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections

Back 40

Suggestibility

Front 41

The distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

Back 41

Bias

Front 42

The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

Back 42

Persistence

Front 43

Detailed recollection of when and where we heard about shocking events

Back 43

Flashbulb Memory