Ocular Disease Of The Anterior Segment

Front 1

Chemical Burn

Back 1

Alkali are worse because they break down the fatty acids in the cell membrane and penetrate the cornea better. alkali include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia, and airbag residue. Irrigate with saline or Ringer's lactate soln. Avoid phenylephrine and other vasoconstrictors.

Front 2

Birth Trauma

Back 2

History of forceps injury at birth. Scars in Descemet's. Can cause astigmatism and/or amblyopia and bullous keratopathy later in life.

Front 3

Foreign Body

Back 3

Always check VA before removing a foreign body.

Front 4

Commotio Retinae

Back 4

Typically asymptomatic. If within macular area can cause acute vision loss. Gray-white discoloration. When located in the macula - Berlin's edema. Due to photoreceptor outer segment disruption; permanent vision loss can occur, but the condition usually resolves without sequlae within 24-48 hours. No damage to surrounding blood vessels. Optic neuropathies can also result from trauma - disc pallor takes weeks to appear.

Front 5

Hyphema

Back 5

History of blunt ocular trauma or systemic disease such as sickle-cell retinopathy or clotting disease. Signs include sphincter tears, iridodialysis, cataract, lens subluxation, pigment (Vossius) ring, commotio retinae, angle recession (60%). Significant increases in IOP can occur - have the patient keep their head elevated, allowing the RBC's to settle inferiorly. Do not perform gonioscopy or scleral depression. B-Scan may be indicated. Idiopathic hyphemas, especially those in African Americans and Mediterranean patients, should be screened for sickle-cell and/or clotting disease - consider a CBC and prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time. Always inquire about NSAID or aspirin (in high doses) use in idiopathic hyphemas.

Front 6

Intraocular FB

Back 6

Can use a CT scan or B-scan, TID, decreased IOP, microcystic edema of peripheral cornea. Iron steal and copper often cause significant problems.