Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Explain the Peru-Chile Margin Region
|
The Peru-Chile Margin is a convergent boundary. The two plates are coming together, which allows for deep earthquakes and extreme volcanism.
|
|
|
Explain the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
|
THe Mid Atlantic Ridge is a divergent boundary. The two plates are pulling apart which causes shallow earthquakes and gentle volcanism.
|
|
|
Why does the San Andreas Fault not have volcanic eruptions?
|
There is no ripping apart or subduction taking place.
Volcanic activity is common at both spreading centers and subduction zones. But, because there is no ripping apart or subduction taking place along a transform fault, there isnt any magma formation to lead to volcanoes. |
|
|
How are the hawaiian islands formed?
|
The islands are thought to have formed from hotspots. The hotspot moves, creating the island chain. The bend in the island chain is from the plate moving.
|
|
|
What is a hotspot?
|
Hotspot volcanoes are caused by mantle plumes-column like areas of hot molten rock deep inside the mantle.
|
|
|
What are the five major oceans on the planet?
|
1) The Pacific
2) The Atlantic Ocean 3) The Indian Ocean 4) The Arctic Ocean 5) The Southern Ocean (Antartic Ocean) |
|
|
Which ocean is the largest?
|
The Pacific Ocean
|
|
|
Age of the Universe
Age of the Earth Age of the Oceans |
Universe-14 billion years old
Earth-4.6 billion years old Oceans-3.8 billion years old |
|
|
How was the Universe formed?
|
The Big Bang. Very hot, very dense state, universe began expanding rapidly.
1)Produced hydrogen and helium 2) Heat and pressure cause nuclear fusion 3) Fusion of lighter elements form other elements 4) Heavier elements are formed from high-energy supernova explosions |
|
|
Processes that led to the formation of the solar system
|
Swirling cloud of gas and dust formed the solar system
- the gas began to rotate due to a nearby explosion -Sun began to form as a force of gravity concentrated particles -The sun contracted, leaving behind matter that would later form the planets. |
|
|
What was early earth like?
|
- No oceans or life
-Deep early earth is thought to be homogenous -Constant bombardment by meteorites -no oxygen |
|
|
Explain the differentiation of the Earth that occurred during its formation
|
- Occured fairly quickly after the earth had aggregated
-more dense material went to the center while the lighter silicates went to the surface. |
|
|
How were oceans created?
|
Outgassing created earth's atmosphere. However, as the Earth cooled and the water vapor rained out to form oceans.
|
|
|
What is the overall theme of plate tectonics? What Earth processes and features can it be used to explain?
|
-Global framework to explain structural geophysical phenomena on earth's surface
-Dozen rigid plates -Can explain and is consistent with (seismicity, volcanicity, topography, paleotological record, and climate record) |
|
|
Explain Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift and the lines of evidence he used to support his idea? What was his idea lacking.
|
- That there was once a supercontinent and slowly drifted part into the formation of the continents today.
Evidence -Coastline shape -Fossil Record -Climate record |
|
|
What is the lithosphere and how does it relate to plate tectonics?
|
The lithosphere is the cool, rigid, outermost layer. Includes the crust and the topmost part of the mantle. The lithosphere is brittle and includes the plates involved in plate tectonics.
|
|
|
Oceanic Crust
|
Underlies the ocean basins and is composed of basalt (Higher Density)
|
|
|
Continental Crust
|
Composed of granite (Lower density)
|
|
|
How does magnetism soldify the theory of plate tectonics?
|
-Movements of fluid in the Earth's outer core cause a magnetic field.
-Earth goes through pole reversals. -This makes the ocean floor have a pattern which points towards sea floor spreading, this could explain why the continents are drifting. |
|
|
Divergent plate boundaries
|
- Shallow Earthquakes
-Gentle Volcanism |
|
|
Convergent Plate Boundaries
|
-Deep Earthquakes
-Extreme Volcanism |
|
|
Transform Plate Boundaries
|
- Strong, Shallow Earthquakes
-No volcanism |
