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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anteverted |
uterus tips forwards toward the anteriorabdominal wall |
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Retroverted |
entire uterus tips towards sacrum |
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Anteflexion |
bending of fundus towards the anterior abdominalwall |
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Retroflexion |
uterine fundus and body curve backwards upon thecervix |
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Dextroflexed |
uterus flexes to the right |
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Levoflexed |
uterus flexes to the left |
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Dextroposition |
displaced to the right |
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Levoposition |
displaced to the left |
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A uterus can be anterverted and anteflexed, oranteverted and _______ |
retroflexed |
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A uterus can be retroverted and retroflexed, orretroverted and __________ |
anteflexed |
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The following muscles are located where in the pelvis? -obturator internus, levator ani, piriformis, coccygeus |
True pelvis |
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The following muscles are located where in the pelvis? -psoas major, rectus abdominus |
abdominopelvic |
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The following muscles are located where in the pelvis? -iliacus |
False pelvis |
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True pelvis/lesser pelvis/minor pelvis |
located below the pelvic brim, “pelvic cavity”, situated inferior to the caudal portion of the parietal peritoneum |
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False pelvis/greater pelvis/major pelvis |
located above the linear terminalis, communicationwith the abdominal cavity superiorly and the pelvic cavity inferiorly |
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Iliopecitneal line/linea terminalis |
oblique plane that comes from the superiorborder of the sacrum to the superior margin of the pubic symphysis |
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Pouch of Douglas/posterior culdesac/rectouterinepouch |
the extension of the peritoneal cavitybetween the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus |
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Vesicouterine space |
between theuterus and bladder |
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Space of Retzius |
space between the bladder and pubic bones and boundedsuperiorly by peritoneum |
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Perimetrium sonographic appearance |
thin and not visible on sonography |
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Myometrium sonographic appearance |
the muscular layer of the uterus outer 2/3 mediumto low echogenicity inner 1/3 very low level echoes |
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Endometrium sonographic appearance |
inner layer of the uterus. Brightlyechogenic. |
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Ovaries sonographic appearance |
lower echogenicity than uterusmay have stronger echoes in centermay have multiple small cysts around periphery |
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Normal adult size of ovary (menarchal) |
2.5-5 cm. length 1.5 -3.0 cm. width 1-1.5 cm. height |
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Fallopian tubes sonographic appearance |
not usually seen unless they contain fluidmore echogenic than ovariesmay be apparent with transvaginal scanning |
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Normal size of fallopian tubes |
8-14 cm. in length - curled within adnexal regions |
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Pre-menarche uterus measurements |
newborn - up to 3.5 cm 3 months - 2.5-3 cm Post-pubertal - 5-7 cm |
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Nulliparous uterus measurement |
6-8 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm |
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Multiparous uterus measurement |
10 cm x 6 cmx 6 cm |
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Vascular flow in the ovary during Follicular Phase |
defined as menstruation to ovulation. Moreimpedance & more resistance with lower velocities |
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Vascular flow in the ovary during Luteal Phase |
increased velocities (increased peak systolicand end diastolic velocities) lower resistance b/c ovary issupporting the corpus luteum cyst which needs to support a pregnancy with lowresistance blood flow |
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uterus didelphys |
Duplication of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Possibleduplication of the bladder, urethra and anal canal. May have renal anomalies. |
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uterus bicornis (unicollis or bicollis) |
Fundus is indented and vagina is normal. Partial fusion ofthe paramesonephric ducts. Better pregnancy outcomes. |
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uterus septus |
Normal external surface. Degree of septation varies. Highrates of recurrent miscarriage. |
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Uterus arcuatus |
Multiple classifications. Less than 1 cmindentation into uterine cavity. |
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Uterus unicornis |
Asymmetric lateral fusion. Presents in mid 20’s. |
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Precocious puberty |
Early onset of puberty, usually before 8 yearsold |
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Ambiguous genitalia |
Intersexual genitalia |
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DES exposure in-utero |
Hypoplastic uterus, midfundal constrictions,endometrial cavity adhesions |
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3 most common forms of hormone replacement therapy |
Unopposed estrogen Continuous estrogen & progesterone Sequential |
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Unopposed Estrogen |
Proliferative effect Common in hysterectomy patients |
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Continuous estrogen & progesterone |
Leads to atrophy within 4 months |
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Sequential |
Estrogen Days 1-25, Progesteroneadded at day 13 or 16- 25 Withdrawal bleeding more common underage 60 |
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Gartner’s duct cyst |
usually asymptomatic, if large they may causepressure The can be single or multiple and area common lesion of the vagina A remnant of the mesonephricduct lesion appears as an anechoic or complex mass, with well-definedmargins and good sound transmission |
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Cervical stenosis |
Narrowing or obstruction of the cervical canal caused by anacquired condition |
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Nabothian cysts |
located within the cervix at theopening of a nabothian duct, the cyst forms due to retention of secretions. Asymptomatic .3- 3 cm. Imaged assmooth bordered, fluid-filled masses. Posterior enhancement |
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Cervical Polyps |
most commonbenign neoplasms of the cervix Most often in multi gravidas inthe perimenopausal and postmenopausal years.
Usually asymptomatic, may causeprofuse bleeding or discharge |
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Cervical Carcinoma |
presents normally during the thirdand fourth decades. Asymptomatic, sometimes bleeding. Risk factors include HPV infection,early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, use of OC’s Cervix is typically normalsize and echogenicity in stage 1 and 2. Later endovaginal sonography will showa bulky cervix with irregular borders, possible extension into the vagina.Sonography is reliable in determining the size, shape, vascularity andechotexture of the tumor |
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hydrocolpos |
fluid in the vagina |
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Hematocolpos |
blood in the vagina. |
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Pyocolpos |
pus in the vagina |
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Most common causes for hydrocolpos, hematocolpos, pyocolpos |
imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, duplicationanomalies with unilateral obstruction, or acquired obstruction lesions |
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Hydrometrocolpos |
fluid in the vagina and uterus. |
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Hematometrocolpos |
blood in the vagina and uterus |
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Pyometrocolpos |
pus in the vagina and uterus. |
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Most common causes for Hydrometrocolpos, Hematometrocolpos, Pyometrocolpos |
imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, duplicationanomalies with unilateral obstruction, or acquired obstruction lesions. |
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Adenomyosis |
condition where the endometrial glands andstroma are located within the myometrium. etiology: a defect inthe basement membrane separating the myometrial and endometrial layers of theuterus and endometrial migration. Typically found it parous women in their30’s-40’s. Symptoms: abnormal bleeding, secondary dysmenorrhea, andenlarged tender uterus. uterus can appear to be large, themyometrium might be poorly visualized, and doppler flow is seen throughout themyometrium |
