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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aufbau Principle
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Atomic orbitals filled with electrons from lowest potential energy to highest
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
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No 2 electrons can have identical quantum #'s (must have opposite spins).
Each orbital can have at most 2 electrons |
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Hund's Rule
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Electrons will fill degenerate orbitals one electron at a time (2p, 2p
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How many valence electrons in 1s2,2s2,2p2
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4
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How many valence electrons in 1s2,2s2,2p4
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6
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What things play a role in electron stability?
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size of orbital, charge, # of electrons
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Is bond forming exothermic or endothermic?
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exothermic, heat is released
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Is bond breaking exothermic or endothermic?
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endothermic, requires energy
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What kind of bonds do sigma bonds form? Pi bonds?
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Hybrid orbital
Un-hybridized orbital |
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When Sigma Bonds formed
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Head to head overlap of hybridized orbitals
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When Pi Bonds formed
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Formed from parallel adjacent overlap of unhybridized p orbitals
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Describe the inductive effect
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Shifting of electrons in a sigma bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms
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Define Saturated vs. Unsaturated
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Sigma bonds vs. pi bonds
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Alkanes are usually referred to as "aliphatice" compounds... why
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because the hydrophobic nature of fatty acid chains of carbons
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What is a constitutional isomer
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different attachments
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What is a conformational isomer
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different energies due to rotation
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What is a sterioisomer?
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Different three d arrangement
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What is steric strain
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an increase in energy due to atoms that are forced closer together
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What is Torsional strain
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increase in energy due to eclipsing interactions between groups attached at adjacent carbon atoms
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What is Angle Strain
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increase in energy due to bond angles being less than or greater than their ideal bond angle
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What is an addition reaction?
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Two things come together, nothing removed.
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What is an elimination reaction?
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Two signma bonds are broken, replaced with a pi bond.
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What is a substitution reaction?
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A replacement occurs
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What is a rearrangment reaction?
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the original molecule is rearranged,
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