Nutrition/digestive System

Front 1

what is Nutrition?

Back 1

food we eat & the nutrients they contain

Front 2

what is Assimilation

Back 2

when food molecules enter the cells & undergo chemical changes

Front 3

what are the 2 processes to be completes before chemical changes & where do they occur?

Back 3

occur in digestive system;
1. catabolism
2. anabolism

Front 4

what is Catabolism?

Back 4

energy releasing process* that breaks down; process & release energy from food;
ONLY way body has to supply itself w/energy

Front 5

ONLY way body has to supply itself w/energy;;;;; is what process?

Back 5

catabolism

Front 6

what is Anabolism?

Back 6

energy requiring process; builds molcules by combinging smaller molecules

Front 7

what is Metabolism

Back 7

how the body uses the food

Front 8

4 functions of the Liver:

Back 8

1. maintains blood glucouse
2. detoxifes
3. stores vita A,D & iron
4. secretes biol

Front 9

what is the preferred engergy source for the body?

Back 9

carbohydrates (sugar)

Front 10

Most common diseases of the mouth & teeth in developing world

Back 10

dental caries (cavities)

Front 11

(7) order material passes thru Large Intestines:

Back 11

1.secum
2.ascending colon
3.transverse colon
4.decending colon
5.sigmoid colon
6.rectum
7.anus

Front 12

seddy asked travis decide sigmoid rec anual

Back 12

secum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Front 13

3 risk factors in developing Stomach Cancer:

Back 13

1. Excessive alcohol intake
2. Chewing tobacco
3. Eating heavily processed foods

Front 14

2 functions of the Gall Bladder:

Back 14

1.storage organ
2.concentrates & stores bile btween meals

Front 15

what is Metabolism?

Back 15

how the body uses food

Front 16

the preferred energy food for the body

Back 16

carbohydrate

Front 17

define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Back 17

# of calories used per hour by catabolism to keep body:
1.alive
2.awake
3.& comfortably warm

Front 18

metabolic disorder caused by Protein Deficiency but w/ sufficient calorie intake

Back 18

Kwashiorkor( cowash-a-kurs)

Front 19

natural defense mechanism to destroy pathogens

Back 19

Fever

Front 20

inorganic elements that help activate enzymes

Back 20

minerals

Front 21

what are Vitamins & function

Back 21

organic molecules;attach to enzymes to help work properly for normal metabolism

Front 22

fat soluble vitamins are what & stored where?

Back 22

stored in liver; A, D, E & K

Front 23

2 common water soluble vitamins

Back 23

1. C
2. B

Front 24

what is the difference btwn fat & water soluble vitmains

Back 24

fat vitaminsa re stored in the liver, water soluble are used then urinates out

Front 25

3 process food undergo in the body

Back 25

1. digestion
2. absoption
3. metabolism

Front 26

what is Digestion & where does it occur

Back 26

mechanical &chemical breakdown of food so its easily absorbed into blood stream;;;;**occurs in digestive tract*

Front 27

what is Absorption & where does it occur?

Back 27

uptake of food or substances from the digestive tract;;;;;**occurs in intestinal tract*

Front 28

what is Metabolism & where does it occur?

Back 28

breakdown of food & transformation into energy;;;; occurs in all body cells

Front 29

where does Digestion begin?

Back 29

mouth

Front 30

what is the Submucous layer

Back 30

Layer of digestive tract which contains many blood vessels & nerves

Front 31

portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth & covered by enamel

Back 31

crown

Front 32

hardest tissue in the body

Back 32

enamel

Front 33

cone-chaped structure that hands down from the soft palate that prevents food/liquids from entering the nasal cavities

Back 33

uvela

Front 34

what structure begins the process of chemical digestion of carbs?

Back 34

salvilary glands

Front 35

___ breaks down food into simpler substances to be used for energy

Back 35

catabolism

Front 36

what is anabolism?

Back 36

process simple substances are synthesized into the complex materials

Front 37

what must happen Metabolism can begin

Back 37

Assimilation

Front 38

CATABOLISM + ANABOLISM =

Back 38

Metabolism

Front 39

what does Pancreatic Juice enzymes digest?

Back 39

1.Carbs
2.Proteins
3.Fats

Front 40

autoimmune disease of the Large Intestines

Back 40

Crohns Disease

Front 41

what does Saliva contain?

Back 41

salvilary analays

Front 42

3 pairs of Salvilary Glands:

Back 42

1. parotid
2.submandibular salivary gland
3.sublingual salivary glands

Front 43

when full, ___ pushes the diaphragm & makes it hard to breathe

Back 43

Fundus

Front 44

___ is located behind the nasal cavities & mouth making it function as part of the respiratory & digestive system

Back 44

Pharnyx

Front 45

___ connects the Pharynx to the stomachis collapsible (2 names)

Back 45

Esphogas aka Food pipe

Front 46

3 divisions of the Stomach & function:

Back 46

1.Fundus;;muscular area,
2.Body;;churing chyme & chemicals
[3.Pylorus;;gateway to duodenum

Front 47

3 structures of the Small Intetsines that increase surface area for max. absorption

Back 47

1.Pilici
2.Microvilli
3.Villi

Front 48

effct of untreated gallstones

Back 48

jaundice

Front 49

Type of hepatits called; "serum hepitits'

Back 49

Hepatits B

Front 50

5 symtpoms of Cirrhosis:

Back 50

1. nausea 2. anorexia
3.weakness 4.pain
5.gray/white stool

Front 51

3 chemical reactions of Glucose Catabolism

Back 51

1. Glycolysis
2. Citric acid
3. Electron Transfer System

Front 52

describe Glycolysis:

Back 52

1st step; changes glucouse into pyruvic acid;takes place in cytoplasm of cell; anaerobic process;

Front 53

what is an 'Anaerobic Process'

Back 53

uses no oxygen to change

Front 54

describe Citric Acid Cycle

Back 54

changes pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide; takes place in mitachondria of cell; Aerobic process

Front 55

what is an 'Aerobic process'

Back 55

needs oxygen

Front 56

describe Electron Transfer System:

Back 56

turns citric acid into ATP (needed for immediate energy) if robbed body uses acid

Front 57

what does insulin do?

Back 57

hormone helps regulate & keep blood glucouse normal

Front 58

****Glucouse can only be decreases by insulin***

Back 58

****Glucouse can only be decreases by insulin***

Front 59

what reaction occurs in Glucouse Anabolism & what does it do?

Back 59

Glycogenesis;; joins glucouse molecules together

Front 60

after the cyme leaves the small intestines its called

Back 60

fecal matter

Front 61

4 causes of Cirrhosis

Back 61

1. Hepatitis 2.Chronic alcohol abuse 3.Malnutrition 4.infection

Front 62

Only hormone that can lower blood glucouse levels

Back 62

insulin

Front 63

4 horomones that increase blood glucose & where are they found

Back 63

1.Growth Hormone;;anterior pituitary gland
2 Hydrocortisone;;adrenal cortex
3.Epinephrine;;adrenal medulla
4.Glucagon;;pancreatic islets
4

Front 64

ATP is an immediate source of ___?

Back 64

energy

Front 65

what is absorbed in the Large Intestines?

Back 65

water, salts & vitamins: K & B12

Front 66

Order material passes thru ther Small Intestines:

Back 66

1.Duodenum
2.Jejunum
3.ileum,

Front 67

2 ways mechanical digestion to occur

Back 67

1.teeth physically breakdown food
2.churning in the stomach breakdown food

Front 68

chemical breakdown of food

Back 68

stomach acids- chemical breakdown food

Front 69

function of small intestines

Back 69

absorb nutrients

Front 70

function of large intestines

Back 70

eliminate wastes & absorb water

Front 71

4 layers of tissue

Back 71

((mosa, sub mosa,musaris, serosa))
1.Mucosa;;inner layer;smooth muscle to help mucus slide
2.Submucosa;;contains blood vessel & nerves
3.Muscularis;;allows periostolis to occur, assits in mixing food w/digestive juices, assits mechanical breakdown
4.Serosa-outermost covering

Front 72

mascification

Back 72

starts physical breakdown of food

Front 73

Bolis

Back 73

after food has been chewed it forms into a ball so its easily swallowed

Front 74

3 parts of tooth

Back 74

1. crown-visable
2. neck-connecrts root&crown
3. root-fits in socket in upper & lower jaw

Front 75

center of the tooth

Back 75

pulp

Front 76

hiatus

Back 76

where the stomach & the esophagus connect

Front 77

G.E.R.D

Back 77

heartburn caused by backflow of stomach acid

Front 78

thyme

Back 78

semi solid mixture

Front 79

pancreas contains

Back 79

both indecrent & exocrine glands

Front 80

exocrine glands

Back 80

secrete juices With duct

Front 81

incecredent gland

Back 81

DuckLess; secretes right into the blood stream

Front 82

2 flexors

Back 82

1.splinic flexor (spleen)2.pathetic flexor (pancreas)

Front 83

2 spfincters

Back 83

inner & outer anal

Front 84

when fats are ingested it triggera hormone ____?

Back 84

CCK which secretes biok into the small intestines

Front 85

What is largest organ in the body?

Back 85

Liver

Front 86

parotid glands

Back 86

largest of salivary glands; below and in front of each ear; secretes solution rich in bicarbonate; helps neutralize bacterial acids

Front 87

submandibular glands

Back 87

ducts open into mouth on wither side of the lingual frenulum

Front 88

sublingual

Back 88

ducts open into the floor of the mouth

Front 89

salivary amylase

Back 89

digestive enzyme; begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Front 90

sphincter

Back 90

valvelike rings of muscle tissue that surround tubular structures or body openings

Front 91

condition of having gall stones

Back 91

cholelithiasis

Front 92

helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Back 92

causes gastric and duodenal ulcers

Front 93

intestinal glands

Back 93

secrete intestinal digestive juice rich in enzymes

Front 94

duodenum

Back 94

C shaped; most chemical digestion takes place here

Front 95

ulcer

Back 95

craterlike wound or sore caused by tissue destruction