Biology: Nutrition & Digestive System And Enzymes

Front 1

What is a calorie?

Back 1

The unit used to measure the amount of energy in food.

Front 2

What is a nutrient?

Back 2

Any substance that provides the body with the materials and energy needed to carry out the basic life processes.

Front 3

What are the 6 basic nutrients?

Back 3

1.Carbohydrates (Carbs)
2.Proteins
3.Lipids (Fats)
4.Vitamins
5.Minerals
6.Water

Front 4

What are Carbohydrates?

Back 4

Energy
They break down into simple sugars (glucose) and starches.
Glucose: Provides quick and short-lasting energy
Starch: Made up of long chains of glucose. Provides longer lasting energy.
Sources are candy, pasta, bread and rice.

Front 5

What are Proteins?

Back 5

Made of long lasting chains of amino acids.
They build and repair body tissue.
Sources are meat, milk, eggs, and beans.

Front 6

What are Lipids(Fats)?

Back 6

They provide stored energy.
Insulate and protect organs.
Sources are meat, cheese, butter, and oil.

Front 7

What are Vitamins?

Back 7

They help prevent diseases.
Sources are fruits, vegetables, milk and meat.

Front 8

What are Minerals?

Back 8

They help build healthy bones, teeth, muscles and red blood cells.
Sources are vegetables, milk and whole grain.
[ex. iron and calcium]

Front 9

What is Water?

Back 9

Made of hydrogen and oxygen.
Makes up the cytoplasm, blood and tissue fluid.
Most foods contain water.

Front 10

What is the Digestive System and it's function?

Back 10

To break down food into a form that the body can use.
-small enough to diffuse through the cell membrane

Front 11

What is the function of your Mouth and Teeth?

Back 11

To mechanically and chemically break down (digest) starch.

Front 12

What is the function of the Esophagus?

Back 12

It pushes food from the mouth to your stomach.

Front 13

What is the function of your stomach?

Back 13

To mechanically and chemically break down (digest) protein

-Very acidic (pH less than 7)

Front 14

What is the function of the Small Intestine?

Back 14

Chemical Digestion of Starch, Protein, and Fat.
Most digestion takes place here
*Digestion ends here*

Front 15

What is the function of the Large Intestine?

Back 15

Excess water is absorbed back into the bloodstream here.
*No digestion occurs here*

Front 16

What is the function of the Salivary Glands?

Back 16

They release enzymes into your mouth, helping to break down starch

Front 17

What is the function of the Gall Bladder and Liver?

Back 17

They release bile into the small intestine to break down fat.

Front 18

What is the function of the Pancreas?

Back 18

It releases enzymes and chemicals into the small intestine to break down starch and fat.

Front 19

Name the Organs of the Human Digestive System. (9-10)

Back 19

1.Mouth
2.Salivary Glands
3.Esophagus
4.Stomach
5.Liver
6.Gall Bladder
7.Pancreas
8.Small Intestine
9.Large Intestine
10. Anus (optional)

Front 20

Name (4) Organs that help digest Carbohydrates.

Back 20

1. Mouth
2. Salivary Glands
3. Pancreas
4. Small Intestine

Front 21

Name (3) Organs that help digest Protein.

Back 21

1. Stomach
2. Pancreas
3. Small Intestine

Front 22

Name (4) Organs that help digest Fats.

Back 22

1. Liver
2. Gall Bladder
3. Pancreas
4. Small Intestine

Front 23

Name (2) Organs that absorb and digest Water and Food

Back 23

Large and Small Intestine

Front 24

The substance with which an enzyme reacts is its __________.

Back 24

Substrate

Front 25

Enzymes act as Catalysts in living cells.

What does Catalysts mean?

Back 25

It means it increases the rate of chemical actions

Front 26

Where is the Active Site of an enzyme?

Back 26

Where the chemical reaction occurs.

Front 27

What is meant by enzyme specificity?

Back 27

Only specific enzymes can work on specific substrates.

Front 28

Enzymes are
__________________ and
_________________

Back 28

Catalysts and Proteins

Front 29

Enzymes are needed for
________________ and
_________________

Back 29

Digestion(breaking down) and Synthesis(building up)

*Could also say Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

Front 30

Enzyme shape is important because...

Back 30

Lock and Key model- Just as only one key will fit in the lock to your door, only one enzyme "fits with" one substrate.

Will only work on certain substances

Front 31

Can chemical reaction occur without enzymes?

Back 31

No

**No chemical reaction can occur without enzymes**