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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Role of water |
Water plays a role in digestion and absorption of nutrients, the regulation of body temperature, health of tissues, organs and joints and maintaining fluid balance water comp |
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Water composition within the body |
Lungs 90% Blood 83% Muscle and brain tissue 73% Bone 22% Fat 10% |
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Solvent |
A substance that has the ability to dissolve other substances |
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Heat capacity |
Amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of a substance to 1 degree Celsius. |
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Health of tissues, organs and joints. |
Water acts as a shock absorber by surrounding tissues and organs to protect movements that can occur during physical activity. Lubricates the joints and the lungs to expand and contact as well as the stomach and intestines. |
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Extracellular |
Fluid that surrounds the cells of the body. |
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Electrolyte |
A mineral compound that forms positively or negatively charged ions when dissolved in body fluids. Made of potassium, sodium and chloride. Crucial to balance fluids in and around cells |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water across cell membranes from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution |
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Body part that stimulates the feeling of thirst |
Feeling of thirst is caused by the functioning of a gland at the base of the brain known as the hypothalamus. |
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Antioxidants |
A substance that may protect cells from damage caused by free radicals |
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Free radicals |
An unstable compound produced as a byproduct of metabolism |
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Water soluble vitamin |
A vitamin that dissolved in water and can be broken down and absorbed by the intestines, sent to the blood stream and transformed to cells and tissues where they are used |
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Vitamin C |
Water-soluble an antioxidant and improves absorption of iron. Function- aids immune function, helps produce collagen and protects against cardiovascular disease and certain cancers and eye disease |
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8 B vitamins |
B- 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12 |
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Folic acid |
A synthetic form of folate But is more easily absorbed. Folate occurs naturally in foods while folic acid is added to fortified foods and supplements. |
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Fat-soluble vitamin |
A vitamin that dissolves in fat. A, D, E, K |
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Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed through |
Lymphatic system and blood |
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Major mineral |
A mineral with a recommended dietary allowance that exceeds 100 mg per day |
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The trace mineral which adolescent females and women of child-bearing age are commonly deficient in |
Iron |
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Thyroid gland |
A gland found in the neck that secretes hormones necessary for regulating metabolism |
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Vitamins that react to air |
Water soluble vitamin C and fat soluble A and E react to air. |
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Reactions to light with vitamins |
Vitamin C, riboflavin, B6, B12 and the oxidation of vitamin E as well as a slight loss of vitamins A and K. |
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Vitamins that lose strength due to heat |
Vitamin C, B6, thiamin and pantothenic acid |
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Diuretic |
Diuretics increase urine production so they also increase the risk of dehydration |
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Body part that stimulates the feeling of thirst |
Feeling of thirst is caused by the functioning of a gland at the base of the brain known as the hypothalamus. |
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Vitamin and mineral toxicities occur through |
Given nutrient is infested at levels that exceed recommendations |
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Water soluble vitamin |
A vitamin that dissolved in water and can be broken down and absorbed by the intestines, sent to the blood stream and transformed to cells and tissues where they are used |
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Fat-soluble vitamin |
A vitamin that dissolves in fat. A, D, E, K |
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Water from beverages |
80% of water needed by the body comes from beverages consumed and 20% of water intake comes from water that is produced during metabolic processes and from water found in foods |
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6 major minerals |
Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Potassium Sodium Chloride |
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8 trace minerals |
Iron Zinc Iodine Selenium Cooper Manganese Fluoride Chromium |
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The trace mineral which adolescent females and women of child-bearing age are commonly deficient in |
Iron |
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Reactions to light with vitamins |
Vitamin C, riboflavin, B6, B12 and the oxidation of vitamin E as well as a slight loss of vitamins A and K. |
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Vitamins that lose strength due to heat |
Vitamin C, B6, thiamin and pantothenic acid |
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Diuretic |
Diuretics increase urine production so they also increase the risk of dehydration |
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To ensure that an abundance of vitamins and minerals are represented on the menu |
Represent lean animal proteins, vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts and seeds |
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Water intake for male and female |
Males- 3.7 L per day Females- 2.7 L per day |
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Toxicity |
Degree to which a substance can harm living organisms |
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
Hormone secreted by the body that signals the kidney to conserve water rather than eliminate it |
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Bioavailability |
The extent to which a substance is absorbed by the body |
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Calcium and Phosophorus |
Major mineral required for blood clotting and development of healthy teeth and bones Phosphorus works with calcium to do its jobs |
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Potassium |
Major mineral that helps regulate normal heart functioning and muscle contraction and is necessary for energy production and protein synthesis |
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Sodium |
Major mineral that helps maintain the volume of fluid surrounding the cells of the body and regulate the acid-base balance of the body |
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Chloride |
Major mineral that helps maintain the acid-base balance of the body as well as the proper blood volume and blood pressure |
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Iodine |
Trace mineral that is required to make hormones in the thyroid gland |
