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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamins
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-Essential organic substances
-produce deficiency symptoms when missing from diet -Yield no energy -function as co-enzymes |
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Vital Dietary components
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-Megadose (>3-10 x needs), Useful in treating certain conditions.
-plant and animal foods=vitamins -synthesized vit. work equally well in body - scientists believe they have discovered all vitamins. |
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Storage of vitamins in Body
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-Fat-soluble
not readily excreted (just vit. K) -Water-soluble Generally lost from the body (not B6/B12 -Should be consumed daily |
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Vitamin Toxicity
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-Fat-soluble- can accumulate in the body
-Water-soluble- can cause toxicity -Likely due to supplementation |
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Preservation of Vitamins
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-Decreased vitamin content:
improper storage excessive cooking exposure to light, heat, air,water -Eat foods soon after harvest -Freeze foods not consumed within a few days -blanching destroy enzymes |
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Fat-Soluble vitamins
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-Dissolve in organic solvents
-Not readily excreted -Absorbed along with fat -transported with food |
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Vitamin A
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-Narrow optimal intake range
-Preformed: retinoids found in animal products -Proformed: Carotenoids found in plant products |
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Recommended amounts for vitamin A
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-900 REA for men
-700 REA for women -DV is 1000 REA or 5000 IU -Stored in liver |
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Vitamin D
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-Prohormone
-From Cholesterol -Sun exposure -Activated by enzymes in liver and kidneys |
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Vitamin K (Koagulation)
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-Made by bacteria in the colon and absorbed
-Part of coagulation process - Part of Calcium-binding potential |
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Adequate Intake of Vit. K
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-Newborns are injected with it
- Breast milk is a poor source |
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Vitamin A Major functions
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-Promote Vision
-Promote growth -Prevent drying of skin |
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Vitamin A Dietary Source
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-Liver
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Vitamin A Deficiency symptoms
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-Night blindness
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Vitamin A Toxicity symptoms
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-Fetal Malformations
-Hair loss |
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Vitamin D Major functions
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-Increase absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
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Vitamin D Dietary source
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-Vitamin D fortified Milk
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Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms
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-Rickets in children
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Vitamin D Toxicity
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-Growth retardation
-kidney damage |
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Vitamin E major functions
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-Antioxidant prevents breakdown of vitamin A
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Vitamin E Dietary source
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-Plant oils
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Vitamin E deficiency symptoms
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-Hemolysis of red blood cells
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Vitamin E Toxicity
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-Muscle weakness
-Head aches |
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Vitamin K Major functions
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Activation of blood-clotting factos
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Vitamin K Dietary sources
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Green Veggies
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Vitamin K Deficiency symptoms
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-Hemorrhage
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RDA for Vitamin B6
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-Athletes may need more RDA
-Alcohol increases vitamin B6 destruction |
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Vitamin B12
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- Synthesized by bacteria and fungi
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B12 absorption
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- Requires stomach acid
- Requires the intrinsic factor (needs something for a reaction to take place. |
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Vitamin C
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Synthesized by most animals (not by humans)
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Vitamin like compounds
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-Carnitine
-Inositol -Taurine -Lipoic acid -Synthesized in the body at the expense of amino acids and other nutrients. |
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Folate and Iron
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-Women of child bearing age
-Women wih excessive menstral bleeding -Pregnant and breast feeding women -ppl. with low cal intakes >1200 - Vegans -Low fat dieters |
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Deficiency Names
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-B1= Thiamin
-B2= Riboflavin -B3= Niacin -B12 = Pyridoxine |
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Is a high-Protein Diet Harmful?
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-Yes!
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Malnutrition
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-Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
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Marasmus (Severe Energy and protein loss)
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-starvation
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Kwashiorkor (Severe protein loss)
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-low protein
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Characteristics of Kwashiorkor
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-Apathy--> don't care
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Characteristics of Marasmus
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-Severe weight loss
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Vegans
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Eat only plant foods
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Fruitarians
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Eat only fruit
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Lactovegetarians
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Milk products/ plants
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Lactoovovegetarians
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Milk
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Vegan diets
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-Complementary proteins
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