Nutrition Chapte 3

Front 1

food provides us with 3

Back 1

energy
heat
building blocks for growth and maint

Front 2

hunger vs appetite

Back 2

hunger - physiological condition that makes us eat
appetite - psychological desire for foods
satiety - feeling satisfied

Front 3

eating and feeling full biological breakdown

Back 3

nerve receptors in stomach send signals to hypothalamus that it is full or empty
blood glucose trigger glucagon or insulin
body temp changes

Front 4

special digestive hormones

Back 4

gastrin, digestive hormones, secretin and CCk

Front 5

regulation of the GI tract steps

Back 5

food causes stomach to release gastrin
-gastrin then causes release of HCL
-stomach ph reaches 1.5
neg feedback

Front 6

gastrin- responds to, secreted from, stimulates, response
secretin
CCk

Back 6

gastrin - food in stomach,
secreted from - stomach wall
stimulates - stomach wall
response - HCL

secretin - responds to - acid in small intestine
secreted from-duodenal wall
stimulates - pancreas
response - bicarbonate juices secrete into small intest

CCK - responds to - fat or protein in small intest
-secreted from - intestinal wall
stimulates - gall bladder and pancrease
response - bile secrete into duodenum'
-bicarbonate juices into small intest. same as secretin

Front 7

macro and satiety values

Back 7

protein has highest satiety value
-carb - lowest satiety

Front 8

mechanical vs chemical digestion

Back 8

mechanical - chewing
chemical - hcl or bile

Front 9

GI tract path

Back 9

mouth - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum - anus

Front 10

phases of digestion

Back 10

cephalic - sight, smell taste stimulation receptors of brain

-gastric - distention, low acidity, peptide formation initiate stomach activity

-intestinal - distention, high acidity, osmolarity,CCK and gip influence

Front 11

chemical and mechanical digestion in mouth

Back 11

chemical - salivary amylase - enzyme that breaks down carbs

mechanical - chewing

Front 12

peristalsis

segmentation

Back 12

circular and longitudinal muscles contracting together

circular muscle in small intestine contracting - mix chyme

Front 13

sphincter role

Back 13

control pace of Gi tract contents.
opens stomach to small intestine

Front 14

how peristalsis and segmentation work

Back 14

circular inner muscle contract pushing chyme forward. longitudinal mm contract releasing contractions

-segmentations- circular contractions to divide chyme into smaller pieces for absorption or excretion

Front 15

5 organs for digestion

Back 15

mouth stomach liver, pancreas small intestine

Front 16

gastric juiec role

Back 16

ph units
mucus
protein digestion

Front 17

pancreatic juice

Back 17

released via ducts into duodenum
-enzymes act on all 3 macro
sodium bicarbonate
-bile from liver and gallbladder

Front 18

absorption in small intestine

Back 18

majority of absorption
3 methods
-simple diffusion
-faciliated diffusion
-active transport

Front 19

anatomy of absorptive system

Back 19

villi - select and regulate nutrients absorbed
microvilli - enzymes and pumps
crypts - select intestinal juices
goblet cells - mucus secretion

Front 20

nutrient transport pathways

Back 20

bloodstream - water soluble vitamins and small lipids, travels to liver

lymphatic - larger fats and fat soluble
-chylomicrons
-bypass liver at first
-access to bloodstream thru subclavian vein