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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regular exersice increases the bodys ability to use energy from
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fat
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An example of an athlete who is most likely to benifit from a multivitamin/mineral supplement that provides 100% of the DRI is a
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gymnast
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An ergogenic aid that may have proven beneficial effects is
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creatine
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An ergogenic aid that has been associated with serious side effects and even death is
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ephedra
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Competitive athletes are vulnerable to marketing claims about supplements and erfofenic aids because
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a slight increase in performance can allow them to win
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During exercise the digestive process
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slows down
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The process by which one person learns a healthful lifestyle behavior by following the example of another person is known as
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modeling
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An athele's kcal intake is appropriate if he or she
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maintains a competitive and healthy weight
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The % of weight loss caused by sweating that is associated with impaired athletic performance is
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2%-3%
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The best indicator of fluid loss diring a workout is
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loss of body weight
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Sports drinks may be preferable to water for athletes who
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exercise for longer than 90 minutes
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An example of a good food for replacing glycogen stores is
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breakfast cereal
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Carbohydrate loading increases glycogen stores in muscles by combining
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rest and increased carbohydrate intake
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An example of someone who would have a significantly higher protein requirement than a sedintary adult is a
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female runner with a low kcal intake
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When an athlete eats more protient or amino acids than he or she needs, the extra amino acids are
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deaminated and used as an energy source
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The fuel for all body processes that traps energy released from food is(are)
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adenosine triphosphate
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Energy-supplying nutrients are eventually broken down to
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carbon dioxide and water
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The totaly amount of energy in a bowl of soup that contains 5 g of protein, 2 g of fat, and 20 g of carbohydrates is
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118 kcal
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Aerobic glycolysis occurs in the
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mitochondria
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Before they enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acids are broken down to
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acetyl coenzyme A
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In order to be used as an energy source, amino acids have to undergo
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deamination
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Energy for short-term, high-intensity activities such as sprinting is obtained mostly via
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anaerobic pathways
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As the duration of exercise increases, more energy is obtained from oxidation of
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fatty acids
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Basal metabolic rate represents
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the amount of energy reqired to suppor life-sustaining processes
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The factor that has the greatest impact on energy expenditure is
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body size
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The process by which the body uses energy to adjust to changes in enviromental conditions is called
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adaptive thermogenesis
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The three components of physical fitness are
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flexability, muscular strength, and cardiovascular endurance
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The amount of physical activity needed to maintain physical fitness depends on the
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intensity of activity
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Health benefits generally associated with strength training include
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increased bone density
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The factor that is most effective in increasing muscle mass is
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exercise
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To maintain a healthy weight, the most important goals are related to changes in
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behaviors
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Behavioral goals are tailored to
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individual habits and preferences
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When trying to pay attention to hunger and satiety cues, it is often helpful to eat
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slowly
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The best way to maintain lean body moss is to
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exercise regularly
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National programs that aim to reverse the trend of increasing body weight should focus on
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achievenment of a healthier body weight
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Medical nutrition therapy for weight management should focus on
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a range on long term lifestyle skills
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Excess fat is stored in out bodies as
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triglycerides in adipocytes
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The increase in the number of adipocytes in the body during growth spurts is known as
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hyperplasia
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They best way to measure body fat levels is to use
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underwater weighing (densitometry)
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To lose a pound of body fat in a week, daily energy expenditure would ahve to increase by about
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500 kcal
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The causes of obesity are largely
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multifactorial
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According to set point theory, if weight or fatness falls below the level perceived to be appropriate by the body, the individual will
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experience an overall increase in hunger drive.
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Factors that appear to help reduce the body's set point for body weight and body fatness include
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regular aerobic exercise
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A major problem associated with cycles of weight loss and weight gain is
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loss of sensitivity to physiologic hunger cues
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Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of
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diabetes mellitus
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Being overweight is associated with greater health risks in
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younger adults than in older adults
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Adverse effects of obesity that are not life theatening but decrease quality of life include
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arthritis
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Restrained eating is defined as
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limiting food intake to less than natural appetite
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The bodys phyiologic need for food is experienced as
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hunger
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The amount of body fat (as a percentage of body weight) that is essential to support life is
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3%-8% in men and 12% to 14% in women
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In women, very low levels of body fat may be associated with
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amenorrhea
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The ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference should be
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0.95 to 1.0 or less in men and 0.8 or less in women
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Compared to women, it aprrears to be easier for men to lose weight because
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visceral fat is lost more easily than lower body fat
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An individual has a distorted body image when
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his or her perception of his or her body differs from reality
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Cultural influences have had a greater influence on body perception during the past few decades because of the increase in
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mass media
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A healthy and positive body image is associated with
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realistic evaluation and acceptance of out positive and negative attributes
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Body Mass index (BMI) is
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weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
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Risk of mortality in adults is lowest for those with body mass index that is between
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20 and 25
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The increased risk of mortality in individuals with a very low body mass index is probably related to
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low levels of lean body mass
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Fat stored in the abdominal area is called
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visceral fat
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Excess protein in an infants diet is a problem because
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it increases renal solute load
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Supplemental fluoride and vitamin D may be given to an infant who is
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breastfed
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Vit K is the
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fat-soluble vitamin routinely given to newborns
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A food that is to high in protein and may lead to dehydration when regularly consumed by infants less than 1 year old is
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cow's milk
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When the baby shows an interest in what the family is eating it is a sign of readiness for
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intro to solid foods
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Tube feeding is often required by babies born before 34 weeks because
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they lack a coordinated suck and swallow reflex
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Increased chance of miscarriage may be attributable to
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smoking during pregnancy
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Pregnant women who smoke have a high risk of giving birth to an infant with
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low birth weight
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During Pregnancy women should
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avoid very strenuous exercise
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Marked edema is a symptom of
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preeclampsia
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Recommendations for treatment of gestational diabetes include
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dietary control
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Easy digestion of breast milk and resistance to infection are
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two of the advantages of breastfeeding
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Prolactin is the hormone that
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is responsible for milk synthesis
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Nursing by the infant results in
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sustained milk production
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Weight gain during pregnancy is a variable that is highly correlated with
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infant birthweight
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A woman needs to increase her kcal intake by about 300 kcal daily during
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the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
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4 months pregnant and has already gained 25 pounds should
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modify her food intake if it is excessive but not attempt to lose weight
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low intake of folate during pregancy is associated with risk of
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neural tube defects
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Vouchers for food are benefits of the
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USDA's WIC prgoram
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Maternal RBC volume and iron storage in the fetus result in a increased need for
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iron
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Maternal stores of calcium become depleted if
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maternal dietary intake of calcium is inadequate
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Teratogens are
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substances known to cause malformations in the unborn fetus
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Relaxation of smooth muscle cells is an example of physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy and is caused by
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progesterone
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Hormones associated with pregnancy cause many of the discomforts of pregnancy. The relacation of smooth muscles us a hormonal effect that contributes to
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constipation
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An increase in O2 needs during pregnancy results in increased
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basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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The increase in plasma volume during pregnancy may appear to cause
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lower blood levels of hemoglobin
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Intrauterine growth restriction may be caused by
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poor weight gain during pregnancy
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Gaining 25-35 lbs during pregnancy in a normal healthly woman is considered
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the current recommended range for weight gain
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a weight gain of 15-25 lbs during pregnancy is recommened for
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an obese woman
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Food allergies are treated by
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avoiding all sources of the offending food
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Treatment of food allergies
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avoiding all sources of the offending food
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Who should avoid food that includes sodium caseinate and lactalbumin?
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people with a milk allergy
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eating disorders are generally caused by
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unresolved emotional conflicts
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Binge eating is triggered by
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stressful events
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Nutrition intervention for clients with eating disorders includes an
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educational phase and an experimental phase
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Teenage girls need adequate calcium because
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adolescent girls often have inadequate intakes of calcium-rich food
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reduce the risk of asphyxiation in toddlers is to make sure that they
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sit down while eating and chew all foods well
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Lead poisoning is often diagnosed at the same time as
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iron deficiency anemia
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Children become overweight because of
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a combination of several factors
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Medical nutriton for obese chilren should focus on
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healthy eating patterns
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Iron deficiency anemia in children
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is often due to poverty
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Most common childrens allergies
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peanuts, milk, eggs and wheat
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A true food allergy involves
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the immune system
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Teach kids foods with high sugar should be
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allowed in moderate amounts with a reasonable frequency
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Parents should teach kids to
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recognize internal hunger cues
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amount of fruits and veggies children should consume daily
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5 servings with serving sizes smaller than those for adults
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Children may be encouraged to try a new food if
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they participate in preparing the food
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National school lunch program provides
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lunches at varying costs depending on family income
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School Breakfast Program includes
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a serving of milk and fruit, 2 servings of meat and or bread and cereal
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To promote healthy adolescent food choices, parents should
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create guidlelines for dietary patterns and provide appropriate food choices
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In feeding children, adults are responsible for determining
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the quantity and quality of food prepared
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Children should be fed
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at about the same times each day
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Deitary Guidelines for Americans are considered to be appropriate for
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Any one over 2 years old
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Children ages 1-3 years have an increasing sense of
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independence
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Excessive juice intake is bad for kids because
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it may displace more nutrient dense foods
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Children ages 4-6 years generally prefer foods that are
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served separately on the plate
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