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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atoms
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the smallest units of an element that retain the properties of the element
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molecules
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units of two or more atoms of the same or different elements bonded together
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cells
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the basic structural and functional units of living things
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organs
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discrete structures composed of more than one tissue that perform a specialized function
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hormones
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chemical messengers that are produced in one location in the body, released into the body, and travel to other locations, where they elicit responses
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disgestion
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the process by which food is broken down into components small enough to be absorbed into the body
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absorption
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the process of taking substances from the gastrointestinal tract into the interior of the body
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feces
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body waste, included unabsorbed food residue, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells, which is eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract by way of the anus
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lumen
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inner part of the "tube" gastrointestinal
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transit time
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time food travels from mouth to the anus 24-72 hours
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mouth
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chews food and mixes it with saliva
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salivary glands
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produce saliva which contains starch-digesting enzyme
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esophagus
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moves food to the stomach
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stomach
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chums and mixes food, secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
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liver
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makes bile, which aids in digesting and absorption of fat
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pancrease
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releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents; produces enzymes that digest carbohydrate, protein and fat
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gallbladder
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stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed
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small intestine
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absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph; most digestion occurs here
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large intestine
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absorbs water and some vitamins and minerals; home to intestinal bacteria; passes waste material
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anus
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opens to allow waste to leave the body
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mucosa
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lines the GI tract, is a type of epithelial tissue
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enzymes
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protein molecules that accelerate the rate of specific chemical reaction without themselves being changed
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"exam" cephalic
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sight, smell, taste
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saliva
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a watery fluid that produced and secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands
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epiglottis
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a piece of elastic connective tissue that covers the opening to the lungs during sollowing
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peristalsis
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coordinated muscular contractions that move material through the GI tract
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Bolus
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mass of chewed food mixed with saliva
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sphincter
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muscle that acts as valve between esophagus and stomach
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Gastric Juice
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HCL- kills microorganisms inactivate salivary amylase
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pepsin
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active form, breaks pro into shorter chain polypeptides
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chyme
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semi-liquid mixture of food and gastric juice
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pancrease
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secretes pancreatic juice in the small intestine
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"exam" primary site of absorbption
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smiple diffusion; no energy
facilitated diffusion; no energy; use carrier molecules active transport; requires energy |
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bile
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digestive fluid made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder that is released into the small intestine, where it aids in fat digestion and absorption
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osmosis
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the unassisted diffusion of water across the cell membrane
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large intestine
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comprised of colon and rectum
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microflora
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can digest unabsorbed food fibers
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antigen
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foreign substance, when introduced into the body, stimulates an immune response
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antibodies
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proteins, released by a type of lymphocyte, that interact with and deactive specific antigens
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phagocytes
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are the first type of white blood cell to come to the body's defense
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allergens
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a substance that causes an allergic reaction
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heartburn
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burning sensation that chest or throat caused when acidic stomach contents leak back into the esophagus
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gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
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a chornic condition in which acidic stomach contents leak into the esophagus, causing pain and damaging the esophagus
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peptic ulcers
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open sores in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or upper small intestine
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lacteals
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lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine that pick up particles containing the products of fat digestion
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capillaries
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small, thin-walled blood vessels through which blood and the body's cells exchange gases and nutrients
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hepatic portal circulation
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delivers nutrients to the liver
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ATP "adensine triphosphate"
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a high-energy molecule that the body uses to power activities that require energy
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lymphatic system
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fats absorbs
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