Nutrition And Metabolism Chapter 19

Front 1

Food, vitamins and minerals that are ingested and assimilated into the body.

Back 1

Nutrition

Front 2

Process of using nutrient molecules as energy sources and as building blocks for our own molecules

Back 2

Metabolism

Front 3

Process that breaks nutrient molecules down, releasing their stored energy; oxygen used

Back 3

Catabolism

Front 4

Process that builds nutrient molecules into complex chemical compounds

Back 4

Anabolism

Front 5

First step in glucose catabolism. Occurs in cytoplasm of cell. Anaerobic- uses no oxygen

Back 5

Glycolysis

Front 6

processes blood as soon as it leaves the gastrointestinal tract

Back 6

Liver

Front 7

Another name for citric acid cycle

Back 7

Krebs cycle

Front 8

Second stage of carbohydrate metabolism and requires no oxygen

Back 8

Citric acid cycle

Front 9

Occurs in the mitochondria. Transfers energy from high energy electrons two ATP molecules

Back 9

Electron transport system

Front 10

Anabolic process of joining glucose molecules together in a chain to form glycogen

Back 10

Glyco Genesis

Front 11

Catabolic process of breaking apart glycogen chains and releasing individual glucose molecules for the use in making ATP

Back 11

Glycogenolysis

Front 12

Accelerates the movement of glucose out of the blood into cells therefore decreases blood glucose and increases glucose catabolism

Back 12

Insulin

Front 13

Are primarily and energy nutrient

Back 13

Fats

Front 14

Converted to glucose by catabolism

Back 14

Fats

Front 15

Excess fat is anabolised to form

Back 15

Adipose tissue

Front 16

Are catabolized for energy only after carbohydrate and fat stores are depleted

Back 16

Protein

Front 17

Breaks apart amino acids to convert them to glucose

Back 17

Gluconeogenesis

Front 18

Organic molecules that are needed in small amounts for normal metabolism

Back 18

Vitamins

Front 19

Deficiency of a vitamin

Back 19

Avitaminosis

Front 20

Can lead to scurvy

Back 20

Avitaminosis C

Front 21

Excess of vitamin

Back 21

Hypervitaminosis

Front 22

Inorganic molecules found naturally in the earth

Back 22

Minerals

Front 23

Rate of metabolism when a person is lying down but awake and not digesting food and when the environment is comfortably warm

Back 23

Basal metabolic rate

Front 24

The total amount of energy expressed in calories used by the body per day

Back 24

Total metabolic rate

Front 25

Genetic conditions involving deficient or abnormal metabolic enzymes

Back 25

Inborn errors of metabolism

Front 26

Characterized by chronic refusal to eat

Back 26

Anorexia nervosa

Front 27

An alternating pattern of craving of food followed by a period of self-denial.

Back 27

Bulimia

Front 28

Results from a deficiency of calories in general and proteins in particular

Back 28

Protein calorie malnutrition

Front 29

Regulates the homeostasis of body temperature through a variety of processes

Back 29

Hypothalamus

Front 30

Homeostasis of body temperature

Back 30

Thermoregulation

Front 31

Unusually high body temperature associated with systemic inflammation response

Back 31

Fever

Front 32

Inherited condition that causes increased body temperature and muscle rigidity when exposed to certain anesthetics

Back 32

Malignant hyperthermia

Front 33

Results from loss of fluid as body tries to cool itself may be accompanied by heat cramps

Back 33

Heat exhaustion

Front 34

Overheating of body resulting from failure of thermoregularity mechanisms in a warm environment

Back 34

Heatstroke or sunstroke

Front 35

Reduce body temperature resulting from failure of thermalregularity mechanisms in cold environment

Back 35

Hypothermia

Front 36

Local tissue damage caused by extreme cold maybe result in necrosis or gangrene

Back 36

Frostbite

Front 37

Are plasma proteins that are made in the liver and are important to blood clot formation

Back 37

Prothrombin and fibrinogen

Front 38

These vitamins are stored in the liver

Back 38

Vitamin A & D

Front 39

Flow of heat waves away from the blood

Back 39

Radiation

Front 40

Transfer of heat energy to the skin and then the external environment

Back 40

Conduction

Front 41

Transfer of heat energy to air that is continually flowing away from the skin

Back 41

Convection

Front 42

Absorption of heat by water vaporization

Back 42

Evaporation

Front 43

Excess cholesterol in the blood is a condition called

Back 43

Hypercholesterolemia

Front 44

Hormones that aid in the control of blood glucose levels

Back 44

Insulin, epinephrine, growth hormone , hydrocortisone, glucagon

Front 45

Are amino acids needed by the body but they can be made from other amino acids if they are not supplied directly by diet

Back 45

Non-essential amino acids

Front 46

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

Back 46

Calorie

Front 47

Condition resulting from hyper secretion of ADH in which large volumes of urine are formed and if left untreated may cause serious health problems

Back 47

Diabetes insipidus

Front 48

A condition resulting when the pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin resulting in increased levels of blood glucose

Back 48

Diabetes mellitus

Front 49

Fat soluble vitamins

Back 49

Vitamin A, D, E, K

Front 50

Water soluble vitamins

Back 50

Vitamin B & C

Front 51

The two forms of advanced PCM

Back 51

Marasmus and kwashiorkor

Front 52

Is characterized by progressive wasting of muscle and subcutaneous tissue accompanied by fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Back 52

Marasmus

Front 53

Results from a protein deficiency in the presence of sufficient calories. Also causes wasting of tissue it also causes pronounced ascites been flaking dermatitis

Back 53

Kwashiorkor