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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nutrients
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energy
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SIX kinds of nutrients
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1. proteins
2. carbohydrates 3. fats 4. vitamins 5. minerals 6. water |
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Proteins
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contain Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S)
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Proteins
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building blocks of amino acids (20)
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essential amino acids
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eight (8)
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Proteins Purpose and examples
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Purpose: replace and repair
Examples: eggs, milk, cheese, and meat |
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Carbohydrates
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Organic nutrients because of C; contain C, H, O
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Carbohydrates purpose and examples
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purpose: main source of energy
examples: sugars, starches, and fibers |
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simple carbohydrates
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sugar (fruit)
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complex carbohydrates
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starch (potatoes) and fiber (breads)
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starches
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made of many simple sugars
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Fat
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aka LIPIDS
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fats purpose
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provide energy and absorb vitamins
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unsaturated fat
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liquid at room temperature and good one
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saturated fats
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solid at room temperature and BAD one
"increases cholesterol" |
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Liver produces
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cholesterol and bile
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gallbladder
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holds bile made by liver
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where can you find cholesterol?
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liver and bloodstream
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Vitamins
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organic nutrient needed for growth, regulating, and prevention
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Water soluble
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dissolve in water
vitamins B and C |
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fat soluble vitamins
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disolve in fat
vitamins: A , D, E and K |
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Minerals
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inorganic nutrients WHY? NO CARBON (C)
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minerals purpose and examples
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purpose: regulate chemical rxns
examples: Ca, Ph, KNa, FeI (calcium, phosphorus, potassium sodium, and iron iodine) |
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Water
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helps maintain cells
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human body is __________ % of water
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60
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Food groups
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same types of nutrients
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bread and ceral group
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6-11 servings
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vegetable group
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3-5 groups
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fruit group
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2-4 servings
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milk group
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2-3 servings
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meat and bean group
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2-3 servings
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fats, oils, and sweets
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very little amounts of intake
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food labels
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nutritional facts
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calories are a measurment of
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energy
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Digestive system Functions
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1. Ingestion
2. Digestion 3. Absorption 4. Excretion |
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Ingestion
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to take food in
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Digestion
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to break food down
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Absorption
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absorbing food in body
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Excretion
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food released from the body
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Two types of digestion
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mechanical and chemical
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Enzymes
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breaks down or speeds up
a chemical reaction |
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AMYLASE
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produced by glands also called
SALIVA |
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PEPSIN
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in stomach
breaks down protein |
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PANCREAS
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Releases ENZYMES into the
Small intestine |
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Major Organs of sigestive system
(in order) |
Mouth
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus |
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Accessory Organs
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Teeth
Tongue Salivary Glands Liver Gall Bladder Pancreas |
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produce and store enzymes.
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pancreas, gall bladder and liver
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Pharynx
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throat
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Esophagus
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muscular tube for food
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Peristalsis
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muscular contractions that move food
in esophagus |
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is a strong Digestive Acid
(chemical produced by stomach) |
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
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Chyme
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liquid produced by the Stomach
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Villi
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increases surface area to absorb
more food |
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Large Intestine
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where water is absorbed
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Bacteria
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Feed on undigested material, Makes GAS
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Rectum
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Holding area for feces
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Anus
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Where solid waste is released
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Amylase
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Breaks down carbohydrates in mouth
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Small Intestine
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abosorbs food
most digestion takes place in the DUODENUM |
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Lactase
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breaks down dairy products
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stomach
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chemical and mechanical digestion
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bacteria found in the large intestine
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E. Coli
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codons in the DNA strand red for
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AMino Acids
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celluose in the plant cell walls is the reason you can't digest
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FIBER
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Anorexia
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you don't eat
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Bulemia
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eat and vomit
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