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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanical and chemical |
Two main steps of digestion |
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Mechanical |
Chewing, mouth, teetg, tongue, swallowing |
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Mechanical; bolus |
Chew the bite (blank) and with the aid of saliva it is moistened enough to swallow. |
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The epiglottis covers the trachea when swallowing |
To make sure food goes down the right pipe.... |
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Chemical |
Begins in the mouth, saliva (spit) |
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Saliva |
Water (for aid in tasting) Amylase (enzyme for dissolving) Mucous (aids in swallowing) |
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Proteins |
What are enzymes |
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Alimentary (anal) |
Another name for the GI tract |
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Mouth, swallowed, esophagus (throat), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, |
Process of digestion |
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Esophagus |
A muscle contraction called peristalsis; it takes 10 seconds to swallow the bolus |
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Stomach |
Storage sac for food and water |
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Hydrochloric acid |
Digests large chunks to smaller, finer chunks |
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Pepsin |
Enzyme made by the lining of the stomach wall and into a paste called "chyme" |
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Small intestine |
The first 9 inches is called the duodenum (which is lined with villi [small finger like projections] This is where the blood picks up nutrients |
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Mucous |
... lines the entire GI tract |
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2-4 |
food takes .... hours to move along the tract (stomach - large intestine) |
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Large intestine |
Colon; stores unused food for 3-4 days, then is passed by way of bowel movement Here water is re absorbed to prevent dehydration |
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Rectum |
Chute at the end if the colon surrounded by a sphincter muscle known as anus |
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Liver |
Produces bile that dissolves fat and is added to large intestine where the process occurs The largest internal organ |
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Pancreas |
Produces a hormone called insulin that regulates blood sugar and produces an enzyme that breaks down proteins |
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Carbohydrates |
Simple quick energy that lasts 4-6 hours, then you will need to eat again |
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Glucose |
C6H12O6 monosaccharide |
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Fructose |
Slower absorbed... mono |
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Sucrose |
Chemical based mono |
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Starches |
Potatoes, corn, pasta, rice |
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Cellulose |
Fibers; cell wall of plant cell Important for digestion of other parts |
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Lipids |
Fats and oils.. long term energy used for later purposes Also synthesize hormone attained from too much sugar (polysaccharides), meats, oils, nuts Are not water soluble and broken down into fatty acids and glycerol (made of CHO) |
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Proteins |
.... - enzymes - antibodies and hormones Come from meats (muscles) and parts of body cells Broken down into "amino acids" |
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20 |
.... different proteins in the human body |
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Nucleic acids |
Vitamins and nutrients are building materials likes bones They are not an additional nutritional source Vitmains are used for keeping the body functioning, normal, healthy |
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Water |
Universal solvent |
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CHO |
Energy |
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CHON |
Proteins |
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CHONP |
Nucleic acids |
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous |
What is CHONP |
