Nursing Quiz 4 (Preschooler)

Front 1

the predominate mode of getting along for the preschooler is...

Back 1

verbal

Front 2

the term for easy to observe and record

Back 2

transparent

Front 3

what are the limitations in communication for the preschooler?

Back 3

gaps, misperceptions, erroneous assumptions

Front 4

why must parents watch their words around preschoolers?

Back 4

they misinterpret words

Front 5

ages 3-5
easy body control
expanded imagination

Back 5

preschooler

Front 6

not reflective of parent, reflective of society->
rats
hunger
sequestered in dim room
watch more TV than needed
share a bed (wet or dry)
lack of privacy

Back 6

deprived background

Front 7

-demanding
-impose many rules
-expect instant obedience
-do not give reasons for rule
-physical punishment to gain compliance
-no consideration given to child's views

Back 7

authoritarian parenting style

Front 8

-exert control
-demanding but responsive to and accepting to child
-give reasons for rules

Back 8

authoritative

Front 9

-accepting of and responsive to child
-rarely makes demands
-rarely exerts control
-indulgent

Back 9

permissive

Front 10

-low in demand
-low control
-low in acceptance
-low in responsiveness
-uninvolved in upbringing
-may be rejecting

Back 10

neglectful

Front 11

-lack ability to be firm with child
-no control over child
-roles are reversed
-seen when children are in hosptial

Back 11

intimidated parenting style

Front 12

-confident in own childrearing
-accept self and child
-realize they will make mistakes, willing to change
-themselves and child will cope

Back 12

secure parenting style

Front 13

-between authoritarian and authoritative
-warm and affectionate but maintain firm, stringent control
- insist on obedience to rules

Back 13

no-nonsense parenting style

Front 14

what is the important point in family parenting styles?

Back 14

a match between parent and child temperament

Front 15

-positive, possessive, or love feelings are directed mainly toward the parent of the opposite gender
-parent of same gender may receive competitiveness, aggressiveness, or hostile feelings

Back 15

Freud's family triangle
-Oedipal complex
-Electra complex

Front 16

what continues to develop through preschool years pertaining to family relationships?

Back 16

attachment

Front 17

after family triangle stage, preschooler can move into what Freudian stage?

Back 17

secondary identification

Front 18

internalization of attitudes, feelings, values, and actions about sexual, moral, social, and occupational roles in behavior
-watches and listens to parents and do/say what parents do/say in their own way

Back 18

secondary identification

Front 19

does growth rate increase or decrease in preschoolers?

Back 19

decrease

Front 20

is limb or trunk growth in greater proportion in preschooler?

Back 20

limb growth

Front 21

what is the average height at 3 years?

Back 21

37 inches

Front 22

what is the average height at 4 years?

Back 22

41 inches

Front 23

what is the average height at 5 years?

Back 23

43-52 inches

Front 24

what is the average weight at 3 years?

Back 24

30-33 lbs.

Front 25

what is the average weight at 4 years?

Back 25

38 lbs.

Front 26

what is the average weight at 5 years?

Back 26

40-50 lbs.

Front 27

at age 2, the legs are what percentage of the body?

Back 27

34%

Front 28

at age 5, the legs are what percentage of the body?

Back 28

44%

Front 29

legs take up what percentage of adults?

Back 29

~44%

Front 30

why do preschoolers slim down?

Back 30

the trunks of their body lengthen

Front 31

in what ways do proportions in the preschooler change?

Back 31

-body continues to catch up with head
-head still slightly large for body
-loses top heavy appearance of infant and bottom heavy appearance of toddler

Front 32

how many teeth should a preschooler have around age 2 1/2?

Back 32

20 deciduous teeth

Front 33

preschooler ends when what occurs?

Back 33

loss of first baby tooth

Front 34

how does a preschooler sit on the floor to play?

Back 34

-knees point forward, but forelegs are bent back along thighs,
-buttocks rests on or between heels

Front 35

high-stepping toddle of 2 yrs. becomes what?

Back 35

free-swinging stride

Front 36

how does a preschooler wake up from sleep?

Back 36

-bounce to feet,
-kick feet out from under self
-land seated at edge of bed and straightening body
-allow self to slide to the floor

Front 37

how do preschoolers turn corners?

Back 37

(1) bounce off wall
(2) learn to hook inside hand on a wall or piece of furniture and swing self through turn

Front 38

temperature of preschooler?

Back 38

98 to 99 degrees

Front 39

pulse of preschooler?

Back 39

70-110 beats/min

Front 40

respiratory rate of preschooler?

Back 40

~25/min

Front 41

blood pressure of preschooler?

Back 41

~101-115/57-68 mmHg

Front 42

vision acuity at 5 years?

Back 42

20/40-20/30

Front 43

is a preschooler near-sighted or far-sighted?

Back 43

far-sighted

Front 44

what neurotransmitter increases during 2-6?

Back 44

dopamine

Front 45

myelination for hand-eye coordination is complete at what age?

Back 45

4 years

Front 46

the integration (connection) of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum is responsible for what?

Back 46

-better coordination
-control of bowel and bladder
-fine muscle movements

Front 47

what is the term stating that most children of a given age are in development of various characteristics?

Back 47

normative

Front 48

what type of play is characteristic of the preschooler?

Back 48

solitary-> parallel-> cooperative

Front 49

what type of play involves
-aware of other children
-share common play experiences
-able to communicate with other children
-integrated and elaborative play

Back 49

cooperative play

Front 50

what are two characteristics of play groups?

Back 50

-loosely organized
-membership changes

Front 51

what type of play is
-related to the ability to classify objects correctly
-take another's perspective
-problem solve
-imitate life

Back 51

dramatic play

Front 52

what type of play
-promotes constructive, nonsocial, cognitive, and emotional development
-paper, crayons, paint, chalk

Back 52

creative play

Front 53

what type of play involves
-creating new images or symbols to represent objects, people, and events
-develops from dramatic and creative play

Back 53

symbolic play

Front 54

what type of play
-promotes cognitive development and rest from physical exertion
-songs, nursery rhymes, fairy tales, books

Back 54

quiet play

Front 55

what are the two roles of the adult in play?

Back 55

(1) provide opportunity, equipment, and safety
(2) avoid interference or structuring of play

Front 56

a preschoolers awareness of body is what?

Back 56

more stable and better defined

Front 57

-fears about bodily intactness
-learns about surgery, war, kidnappers, ghosts and goblins

Back 57

awareness of vulnerability

Front 58

what is a behavior modification technique for guidance and discipline?

Back 58

a time out

Front 59

when and where should a time out be given?

Back 59

-after undesirable act
-immediately place child in a quiet, uninteresting place

Front 60

how long should a time out be?

Back 60

~ 5 min.

Front 61

what are three guidelines to discipline a child?

Back 61

(1) stop unsafe, hurtful behavior immediately
(2) hold child's arm gently and quietly say "no"
(3) avoid spanking because it teaches child that it is ok to hit

Front 62

at what age can a child operate in company of peers but still need a familiar adult nearby?

Back 62

age 4

Front 63

how many calories a day should a preschooler have?

Back 63

1250-1600 cal/day
(1000cal. + 100 extra/yr)

Front 64

how many meals and snacks should a preschooler have?

Back 64

3 meals and 3 snacks

Front 65

how much fat should be in a preschoolers' diet?

Back 65

20-30%

Front 66

what classifies a child as obese?

Back 66

BMI greater than the 95th percentile

Front 67

how is food used for a preschooler?

Back 67

-to satisfy hunger and nutritional needs
-should not be used as a proof of love or reward for good behavior

Front 68

how much exercise should a preschooler have?

Back 68

60 minutes of active exercise daily

Front 69

how do three year olds rest?

Back 69

-do not always sleep at nap but will rest or play quietly for 1-2 hours if undisturbed

Front 70

how do four year olds rest?

Back 70

-resists naps
-needs quiet time

Front 71

how do five year olds rest?

Back 71

-unlikely to nap

Front 72

how many hours of sleep does a young preschooler need?

Back 72

10-12 hrs

Front 73

how many hours of sleep does an older preschooler need?

Back 73

9-11 hrs

Front 74

what are some typical characteristics at bedtime?

Back 74

-need favorite toy
-try to postpone bedtime
-ritualistic (teeth. prayers, story)
-dreams, nightmare, sleepwalking

Front 75

when does dental care begin?

Back 75

preschooler

Front 76

what forms of dental care are needed?

Back 76

-fluoride needed
-tooth brushing
-limit intake of refined sugars

Front 77

when should a physical exam be given and what should be included?

Back 77

-before school
-include urinalysis

Front 78

how should a parent state safety rules?

Back 78

simply, positively, and firmly

Front 79

parents should teach their children what information for their safety?

Back 79

-full name
-address including zip code
-phone number

Front 80

what are three parental measure that should be taken for safety?

Back 80

-never leave child alone in public
-never leave child home alone
-never allow play in or near driveway

Front 81

what is the most common cause of death?

Back 81

accidents

Front 82

what are the leading causes of accident related deaths?

Back 82

-motor vehicles
-drowning
-burns from fire or hot water
-poisonings

Front 83

Piaget's preoperational stage from 2-4 yrs

Back 83

preconceptual phase

Front 84

Piaget preoperational stage where child gather facts as they are encountered but can neither separate reality from fantasy nor classify or define events in a systematic manner

Back 84

preconceptual phase

Front 85

Piaget's preoperational stage from 4-7 yrs.

Back 85

intuitive phase

Front 86

Piaget's preoperational stage where child gains increasing, but still limited, ability to develop concepts

Back 86

intuitive phase

Front 87

what is the ability to represent objects and events?

Back 87

representation

Front 88

what are the five types of representation?

Back 88

-deferred imitation
-symbolic play
-drawing
-mental imagery
-spoken language

Front 89

what is the type of representation where imitation of objects and events that have not been present for some time?
-implies ability to mentally represent (remember) behavior

Back 89

deferred imitation

Front 90

what is the type of representation where imitative + form of self expression with self as intended audience?

Back 90

symbolic play

Front 91

what is the type of representation where child attempts to represent things through drawings?

Back 91

drawing

Front 92

what is the type of representation where internal representations of objects and past perceptual experiences? (images=symbols)

Back 92

mental images

Front 93

what is the type of representation where words are symbols in place of objects?

Back 93

spoken language

Front 94

how many words should be in a 3yr old's vocabulary?

Back 94

900-2000-> increase 1100 words

Front 95

how many words should be in a 4 yr old's vocabulary?

Back 95

1500-3000-> increase 1500 words

Front 96

how many words should be in a 5 yr old's vocabulary?

Back 96

2100-5000-> increase 2900 words

Front 97

how do 3 yr olds talk?

Back 97

using simple sentences

Front 98

how do 4 yr olds talk?

Back 98

talks incessantly while doing other activities

Front 99

how do 5 yr olds talk?

Back 99

talks constantly

Front 100

at what age can a child count to 5?

Back 100

age 4

Front 101

at what age can a child count to 10?

Back 101

age five

Front 102

how many digits can a 3 year old repeat?

Back 102

3

Front 103

how many digits can a 4 year old repeat?

Back 103

4

Front 104

how many digits can a 5 year old repeat?

Back 104

5

Front 105

what is the term for when a child cannot take the role of, or see the viewpoint of, another?

Back 105

egocentrism

Front 106

-inability to reason successfully about transformations
-child focuses on elements, not transformations
-pencil falling

Back 106

inability transformational reasoning

Front 107

-child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on limited perceptual aspect of stimulus
-focuses on single aspect
-2 rows like objects (longer row has more)

Back 107

inability to decentration

Front 108

-not able to reverse operations
-2 rows of coins
-equal length= same # of coins
-1 row lengthened= now says longer row has more coins

Back 108

inability reversibility

Front 109

-amount or quantity of a matter stays the same regardless of any changes in an irrelevant direction

Back 109

inability conservation

Front 110

what is the developmental crisis in preschoolers?

Back 110

initiative vs. guilt

Front 111

-enjoyment of energy displayed in action, assertiveness, learning, increasing dependability, and ability to plan

Back 111

initiative

Front 112

sense of defeatism, anger, feeling responsible for things that he or she is not really responsible for, feeling easily frightened from what he or she wants to do, feeling bad, shameful, and deserving of punishment

Back 112

guilt

Front 113

what are the seven irreducible needs of children?

Back 113

(1) ongoing nurturing relationships
(2) physical protection, safety, and regulation
(3) experiences tailored to individual differences
(4) developmentally appropriate experiences
(5) limit setting, structure, and expectations
(6) stable, supportive communities, and cultural continuity
(7) protecting the future

Front 114

DTaP

Back 114

between 4 and 6 yrs. (prior to Head Start and kindergarten)

Front 115

IPV

Back 115

between 4 and 6 yrs. (prior to Head Start and kindergarten)

Front 116

Varicella #2

Back 116

between 4 and 6 yrs.

Front 117

MMR #2

Back 117

between 4 and 6 yrs.

Front 118

Influenza

Back 118

between 4 and 6 yrs. (high risk)

Front 119

PPV (pneumococcal polys)

Back 119

between 4 and 6 yrs. (high risk)

Front 120

a preschooler is intrusive in play into ears and minds by what?

Back 120

loud assertive talking

Front 121

a preschooler is intrusive in play into space by what?

Back 121

vigorous gross motor skills

Front 122

a preschooler is intrusive in play into objects by what?

Back 122

through explanation

Front 123

a preschooler is intrusive in play into unknown by what?

Back 123

consuming curiosity

Front 124

how many inches per year does a preschooler grow?

Back 124

2 1/2 - 3 in/yr

Front 125

how many pounds per year does a preschooler gain?

Back 125

< 5 lbs.

Front 126

at what age is birth length doubled?

Back 126

4 yrs

Front 127

increase in myelination...

Back 127

increases speed of information through nervous system and increase muscle control

Front 128

what is the primary base and frame of reference for a preschooler?

Back 128

family

Front 129

what is being rejected by giving a preschooler a time out?

Back 129

behavior, not child