Nursing Process Applied To Nutritional Needs

Front 1

Chain of digestion

Back 1

mastication (mouth), churning (stomach), duodenum-small intestine (absorbing), large intestine (extraction fluids and lytes)

Front 2

Absorption in upper duodenum

Back 2

choesterol, vitamin E, K, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamin

Front 3

Absorption in lower duodenum and upper jejunum

Back 3

glucose, amino acids, fats

Front 4

Absorption in lower jejunum

Back 4

sucrose, lactose

Front 5

Absorption in large intestine

Back 5

water

Front 6

Primary fuel of metabolism

Back 6

glucose

Front 7

Liver

Back 7

converts nutrients into usable substances

Front 8

GI tract

Back 8

transports nutrients to tissue via circulatory system.

Front 9

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

Back 9

energy needs at rest after waking

Front 10

Glycogenesis

Back 10

glucose stored as glucogon until needed

Front 11

Lipogenesis

Back 11

excess glucose is stored as fat

Front 12

Gluconeogenesis

Back 12

conversion of fat and amino acids to glucose when extra energy is required

Front 13

Carbohydrate- components

Back 13

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 14

Carbohydrates

Back 14

starches and sugars

Front 15

Monosaccharides

Back 15

dextrose/glucose (fruit and veg), fructose (sweetest), galactose (breaksdown lactose, least sweet)

Front 16

Monosaccharides

Back 16

Simple sugar, C,H,O. Galactose, Fructose, Glucose,
Dextrose

Front 17

Disaccharides

Back 17

Two-sugars, 2 saccharides bind by dehydration synthesis. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose.

Front 18

Polysaccharides

Back 18

chains of sugars. starch and glycogen

Front 19

Carbohydrate function

Back 19

fuel, helps prevent ketones (develop from breakdown of protein). Enhance learning and memory

Front 20

Lipids

Back 20

monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride

Front 21

Monoglyceride

Back 21

single fatty acid joined to 1 glycerol molecule.

Front 22

Diglyceride

Back 22

2 fatty acids joined to 1 glycerol molecule

Front 23

Triglyceride

Back 23

3 fatty acids joined to glycerol molecule

Front 24

Saturated fats

Back 24

fatty acid chain with single covalent bonds between C atoms. Solid at room temp.

Front 25

Unsaturated Fats

Back 25

fatty acid chain with one or more double bonds between C atoms. Liquid at room temp

Front 26

Polyunsaturated fats

Back 26

fatty acids that contain double bonds between carbon atoms.

Front 27

Function of fats

Back 27

fuel, used in vitamin absorption, insulation and protection

Front 28

HDL- cholesterol

Back 28

assists liver in removing LDL. Range 45-75

Front 29

LDL-cholesterol

Back 29

Increases buildup on arterial walls. <200

Front 30

Cholesterol

Back 30

major risk factor for coronary artery disease, not a true fat (sterol)

Front 31

VLDL

Back 31

similar in body to LDL

Front 32

Proteins

Back 32

composed of C, H,O,N. most basic form is amino acid

Front 33

Protein- functions

Back 33

growth and maintenance.

Front 34

Anabolism

Back 34

building tissue

Front 35

catabolism

Back 35

breaking down tissue

Front 36

Positive nitrogen balance

Back 36

needed for growth, pregnancy. More N consumed than excreted

Front 37

Negative nitrogen balance

Back 37

Found in illness, interruption in body integrity. More N secreted then consumed

Front 38

Proteins functions

Back 38

regulation of body processes, immunity, circulation, energy (last resort)

Front 39

Complete protein

Back 39

contains all 9 essential amino acids

Front 40

Incomplete protein

Back 40

lacking 1 or more essential amino acids

Front 41

Vitamins- water soluble

Back 41

not stored in body, daily intake needed. All B's vitamins and vitamin C

Front 42

Vitamins - fat soluble

Back 42

A, D, E, K, stored in body daily intake is not needed

Front 43

Calcium- function

Back 43

formation of bones and teeth, nerve transmission, coagulation, cardiac function

Front 44

Calcium control mech

Back 44

Parathyroid responds to low serum Ca by secreting PTH. Calcitonin is released by throid if Ca level too high.

Front 45

Calcium deficiency problems

Back 45

Osteoporosis, weak bones, poor coagulation (excessive bleeding) rickets, dental caries

Front 46

Calcium Hypercalcemia

Back 46

renal stones, cardiac arythmias, cardiac arrest, depressed brain function.

Front 47

Ginseng - indications

Back 47

energy

Front 48

Ginseng - contraindications

Back 48

estrogen like effect, interacts with NSAIDS and anticoagulants

Front 49

Echinacea- indications

Back 49

improved immunity

Front 50

Echinacea- contraindications

Back 50

do not take for more than 8 weeks, decreases effect of steroids

Front 51

Feverfew- indications

Back 51

headaches

Front 52

Feverfew- contraindications

Back 52

Don't take with ASA, or anticoagulants, may cause GI ulcers

Front 53

Ginko- indications

Back 53

increased cerebral circulation and memory

Front 54

Ginko- contraindications

Back 54

Bleeding and GI distress can result, dont take with ASA and NSAIDS

Front 55

Saw Palmetto- indications

Back 55

urinary difficulty related to BPH (benign prostetic hypertrophy)

Front 56

Saw palmetto- contraindications

Back 56

can cause headaches

Front 57

St. John's Wort- idications

Back 57

anxiety and depression

Front 58

St. John's Wort - contraindications

Back 58

can cause increased sunburn, don't take with antidepressants, can cause GI interaction. Do not take with anticoagulants

Front 59

Valerian- indications

Back 59

sleep aid

Front 60

Valerian- contraindications

Back 60

Do not take with other sleep aids.

Front 61

Glucosamine- indications

Back 61

joint pain

Front 62

Vitamin A- function

Back 62

visual acuity, epithelial tissue health

Front 63

Vitamin A- deficiency

Back 63

night blindness, scaly skin, dry mucous membranes, decreased immune resistance

Front 64

Vitamin A excess

Back 64

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hair loss, headache, carotenemia

Front 65

Sources of Vitamin A

Back 65

Milk, green leafy veg, yellow fruit and veg, eggs

Front 66

Clear Liquid Diet

Back 66

Easy to absorb, little residue, liquids must be clear. tea coffee, jello, broth, juices (clear)

Front 67

Full liquid diet

Back 67

anything that is pourable at room temperature. hot cereal, ice cream, custards, fruit juices. Dysphagia

Front 68

Mechanical soft diet

Back 68

similar to pureed but more whole foods that are easily chewed

Front 69

Pureed diet

Back 69

easily swallowed foods that do not require chewing. Gastric bypass, post op sometimes

Front 70

Soft Foods diet

Back 70

low in fibre, easy to digest

Front 71

Sodium restrictions

Back 71

4 gm. no added Na
2 gm. moderate salt
1 gm strict restriction

Front 72

Enteral Nutrition

Back 72

NG, Gastrostomy, Jejunostomy

Front 73

PEG

Back 73

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Front 74

PEJ

Back 74

percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy

Front 75

Checking for tube placement

Back 75

xray, ph, insertion of air and auscultate. pH of 6-8 would indicate intestinal aspirate, 4-6 pH would indicate acid inhibition.

Front 76

Types of feeding administration

Back 76

continuous (and on pump), intermittent (delivered over 30 mins covers 4-6 hours of nutritional need) Bolus (4-6 hour need given in few minutes)

Front 77

Types of tube feeds

Back 77

blenderized food, milk based, lactose free (osmolyte, ensure), complete with protein, high calorie

Front 78

Complications of tube feeding

Back 78

tube irritation, occlusion, regurgitation, distention, diarrhea

Front 79

Administering meds through feeding tubes

Back 79

flush, check food/med compatibility, check crushing compatibility. Flush with water

Front 80

Food drug interaction

Back 80

lithium-changes the taste or smell, ASA & NSAIDS- GI discomfort, Laxatives and dilantin can interfere with absorption. Levodopa absorption is increased with carbs. Synthroid increases absorption,

Front 81

Absorption ph considerations

Back 81

acidic drugs absorbed in stomach, alkaline drugs absorbed in Small intestine.

Front 82

Diet in renal disease

Back 82

decrease potassium, sodium, fluids, protein. Increase phosphorous, Vitamin D, Calcium, iron.