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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Folliculitis
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Superficial infection of the upper portion of the follicule.
Pustule with minimal erythema, crusting. Often caused by staph organisms. |
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Furuncles
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"Boils". Deeper within the follicule. Erythematous around follicule, painful. Requires abx, possible incision and drain.
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MRSA Antibiotics
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Bactrim
Doxycycline Clindamycin Muprocin |
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MRSA Systemic Manifestations
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Fever, chills, sepsis
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MRSA Nursing Care & Prevention
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Contact isolation. Appropriate hygenic measures. Compresses on boils. Discuss appropriate dressing. Nasal swab for colonization.
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Impetigo Causes
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Caused by group a beta-hemolytic strep. Very contagious, assc. w/ poor hygiene.
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Impetigo Symptoms
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Vesiculopustular lesions with crusts (honey colored) pruritic, erythema.
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Impetigo Management
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Abx, systemic and topical. Proper hygiene. Monitor for hematuria and renal function (glomerulonephritis).
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Herpes Simplex 1
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Fever blister, cold sore. Stays in nerve root ganglion and returns during stress, menses, sun exposure.
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Herpes Simplex 1 Symptoms
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First occur 3-7 days. Grouped vesicles, painful, local erythematous base. Can have systematic symptoms, ulcerate, crust.
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Herpes Simplex 1 Tx
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Tx of symptoms, moist compresses, topical anesthetics, antivirals:
Acyclolvir, famciclovir, valacyclovir. |
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Herpes Simplex 2
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Generally genital infections, frequent reoccurrence.
Very painful. Management similar to HSV 1. Spread by sexual contact. |
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Herpes Zoster Virus
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Activation of varicella-zoster (occurs with immunosuppression). Contagious if not immune to varicella-zoster.
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Herpes Zoster Symptoms
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Vesicles on erythematous base, usually unilateral on trunk, thigh, ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve, mandibular branch.
Severe burning pain, neuralgia. |
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Herpes Zoster Tx
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Antivirals, analgesics, gabapentin for neuralgia. Tx of symptoms. Narcotic pain meds. Topical anesthetics AFTER lesions heal.
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Herpes Zoster Complications
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Permanent vision damage from eye infections.
Post-herpetic neuralgia (common in elderly) |
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Tinea Capitus
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Contagious fungal infection of head. "Cradle cap."
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Tinea Capitus Symptoms
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Patches of redness and scaling with pustules or papules at edges that may spread to the hairline or neck. Can cause temporary hair loss.
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Tinea Capitus Tx
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Encourage appropriate hygienic, individual combs, brushes/towels. Antifungal creams/shampoos (Nizoral, Lotrim)
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Tinea Pedis
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Athlete's foot. Scaling, maceration with fissures between toes. Toenails can be affected and have secondary bacterial infections. High rate of recurrence. Tx with topical antifungals.
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Tinea Corporis
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Ringworm. Usually animal origin. Rings of reddened scaly patches with clear centers in clusters on the face, arms, shoulders. Tx with topical antifungals (griseofulvin)
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Candidiasis
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Yeast infection, thrush. Common in skin folds, perianal region, oral mucous membranes. Assc. with compromised immune, abx therapy.
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Candidiasis Symptoms
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Pustules that become a red, denuded, advancing border, may have whitish discharge. Itching and burning.
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Candidiasis Treatment / Management
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Topical antifungals, sporanox, fluconazole. Descrease moisture, proper skin hygiene, monitor glucose.
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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
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Chronic, relapsing, superficial inflammatory, pruritic.
Immune mediated, genetic link. Linked with asthma or allergic rhinitis. |
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Eczema Symptoms
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Xerosis: dry skin that cracks easily
Acute: Vesicles, exudates, crusts Subacute: scaling with erythema & excoriation Chronic: Darkened, thickened skin |
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Eczema Management
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Hydrate skin, humidifier in winter, Topical abx & corticosteroids, antihistamines, loose clothing, avoid triggers that cause flares. Immunomodulator ointments: Protopic, Elidel
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Acne
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Inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous hair follicles. Occur most on face, chest, shoulders & back.
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Acne Symptoms
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Closed comedones - whiteheads
Open comedones - blackheads Nodules - larger areas of inflammation Cysts - compressible nodules |
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Acne Stages
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Mild - 25% of face, no nodules
Moderate - 50% of face, several pustules & nodules Severe - => 75% of face, scarring |
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Acne Management (Non-Pharm)
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Wash skin w/ mild soap, balanced diet & adequate fluids, proper exercise & rest.
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Acne Medications
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Comedonal - Topical Tretinoin QHS
Mild Acne - Benzac, erythromycin, clindamycin Inflammatory Acne - Vibramycin, Minocin, Tetracycline, E-Mycin PO |
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Psoriasis
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Chronic dermatitis with rapid turnover of epidermal cells, mature in 3-4 days instead of 28 days. Genetic disposition.
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Psoriasis Symptoms
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Sharply demarcated scaling, papules and plaques of scalp, elbows, and knees, white silvery patches, can affect nails. Arthritis in 5-8%.
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Psoriasis Tx/Management
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No cure, only management. Topical corticosteroids
Tar, UVA therapy, Systemic Treatment, Cytotoxics (methotrexate), Immunosuppressants (cyclosporine) |
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Seborrheic Keratoses
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Common benign epidermal growth of keratinocytes and melanocytes. Usually on face, shoulders, chest and back.
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Seborrheic Keratoses Symptoms
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Begins as a small slightly elevated papule or plaque,
slow enlargement, surface becomes rough and warty. Color varies: yellow, brown, black. Common in middle-older age. |
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Seborrheic Keratoses
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Curretage, Electrodisiccation, Cryosurgery
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Actinic Keratoses
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Flat or slightly elevated, dry, scaly, rough, red base, premalignant. Caused by sun damage. If untreated can develop into squamous cell cancer.
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Actinic Keratoses Tx/Management
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Curettage , cryosurgery, topical 5FU , Aldara (may cause blistering)
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Basal cells do not mature and continue to enlarge and form. Sun, genetics, x-ray risk factors. Center can erode and ulcerate, borders are raised and waxy.
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Basal Cell Carcinoma Tx/Management
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Cryosurgery, incision. 95% cure rate, slow growing and rare mets, usually only locally invasive.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Papule, plaque or nodule with indistinct borders, scaling horny crusts, erosions or ulcerations.
Most common on lip, ear, previously damaged skin. Invades dermis: potentially metastatic to regional lymph if untreated. |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tx/Management
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Excision (Moh's Surgery), Radiation
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Malignant Melanoma
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Arises from melanocytes. Occurs anywhere on skin, usually on back or legs. High degree of mets.
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Malignant Melanoma Symptoms
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Flat/raised, eroded/ulcerated. A-asymmetry, B-border irregular, C-color varied, D-diameter larger than 6 mm.
Color varies: red, black, blue, white, gray, brown, pink in the same lesion. Spreads by local ext (lymph, blood). |
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Malignant Melanoma Tx/Management
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Wide excision with amputation PRN, staging, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia with chemo.
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