Integumentary System

Front 1

Five layers of the epidermis

Back 1

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Front 2

Epidermis

Back 2

1. Outer layer of skin, composed of 5 zones of stratified epithelium (keratinocytes); contains melanocytes and Langerhans cells.
2. Responsible for the continual replenishing of skin, resists friction, waterproof, prevents water loss.

Front 3

Stratum corneum
1. Properties
2. Function

Back 3

1. 15-25 layers of dead, flat, keratinized squamous epithelial cells, without nuclei. Normally thin but thick over the soles of the feet and palms of the hands.

2. Resists friction, waterproof, prevents water loss.

Front 4

Stratum lucidum
1. Properties
2. Function

Back 4

1. Only found in thick skin (palms and soles of the feet). Transition between the corneum and lucidum layer.
2. Resists friction, waterproof, prevents water loss.

Front 5

Stratum granulosum
1. Properties
2. Function

Back 5

1. 3-5 layers of keratinocytes containing keratin granules.
2.They form keratin and expel lipids which stick the cells together and form a waterproof barrier.

Front 6

Stratum spinosum
1. Properties
2. Function

Back 6

1. Usually the thickest layer of keratinocyte cells, they are joined together by desmosomal connections. Also contains Langerhans cells.
2. Langerhans cells are part of the immune response.

Front 7

Stratum basale
1. Properties
2. Function

Back 7

1. A layer of cuboidal-shaped cells, lined up on a basal membrane. It contains stem cells, keratinocytes, and melanocytes (pigment cells).
2. Keratinocyte cell division occurs here to replenish skin. Melanocytes protect the skin from UV.

Front 8

Layers of the dermis

Back 8

Meissner’s corpuscle
Sebaceous gland
Hair follicle
Hair root
Hair shaft
Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland ( in textbook)
Pacinian corpuscle
Arrector pili muscle
Dermal papillae

Front 9

Hair Bulb

Back 9

where hair originates in dermis

Front 10

Sebaceous gland

Back 10

secrete sebum, oil for hair
Talow

Front 11

Hair follicle

Back 11

tube around hair

Front 12

Hair root

Back 12

portion of hair in follicle

Front 13

Hair shaft

Back 13

portion of hair above skin

Front 14

Eccrine sweat gland

Back 14

most numerous, sweat is 1% electrolytes, metabolites and waste products,

Front 15

Apocrine sweat gland ( in textbook)

Back 15

armpits, groin and anus, odor activate at puberty

Front 16

Pacinian corpuscle

Back 16

Laminated corpuscle


deep pressure and vibration

Front 17

Arrector pili muscle

Back 17

causes goose bumps, always with a hair

Front 18

Dermal papillae

Back 18

are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis

Front 19

integumentary system

Back 19

skin and derivatives: nails, hair, sweat and sebaceous glands

Front 20

integument

Back 20

the skin that covers your body

Front 21

cutaneous membrane

Back 21

another name for skin

Front 22

dermatology

Back 22

scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system

Front 23

Vitamin D3

Back 23

synthesized from steroid related to cholesterol by some epidermal cells when they are exposed to ultraviolet radiation then made into calcitriol

Front 24

Epidermis

Back 24

epithelium of the integument


keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Front 25

Stratum Basale

Back 25

stratum germinativum

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile(Merkel) cells

Front 26

Keratinocytes

Back 26

make keratin

Front 27

Keratin

Back 27

protein in epidermal cells, made by keratinocytes

Front 28

Melanocytes

Back 28

transfer pigment granules into keratinocytes, give skin color

Front 29

Melanosomes

Back 29

pigment granules

Front 30

Tactile(Merkel) cells

Back 30

sensitive to touch(type of integumentary receptor)

Front 31

Stratum Spinosom
Epidermal Dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Back 31

immune cells: phagocytic activity initiates an immune response to protect against pathogens and epidermal cancer cells

Front 32

Stratum Granulosum

Back 32

3-5 layers thick, superficial to stratum spinosum

Front 33

Keratinization

Back 33

process of keratinocytes filling up with keratin, ends with death

Front 34

Stratum Lucidum

Back 34

2-3 cells thick, superficial to the stratum granulosum
only in thick skin= at the palms and soles

Front 35

Stratum Corneum

Back 35

corneus= horny
most superficial, only visible layer 20-30 anucleate corneocytes

Front 36

Thick skin

Back 36

has lucidum on palms, soles, no glands or hair

Front 37

Thin skin

Back 37

lacks lucidum

Front 38

Dermis

Back 38

CT layer of collagen, has 2 layers

Front 39

Papillary layer

Back 39

nipple
dermal papillae interlock with epidermal ridges

Front 40

Reticular layer

Back 40

network
deeper, major part of dermis, mostly collagen

Front 41

Striae

Back 41

furrow
stretch mark, torn collagen fibers

Front 42

Lines of Cleavage

Back 42

the orientation of collagen fibers p130
incisions parallel to lines heal more quickly

Front 43

Hypodermis

Back 43

under dermis
aka superficial fascia

Front 44

aka subcutaneous

Back 44

beneath skin
NOT considered part of integument
drugs injected here due to excessive vascular
network promotes rapid absorption

Front 45

Ceruminous

Back 45

cerumen in external ear canal

Front 46

Mammary

Back 46

breasts, modified apocrine glands, milk

Front 47

Free nerve ending

Back 47

temperature change

Front 48

Root hair plexus

Back 48

movement of hair

Front 49

Pacinian corpuscle

Back 49

Laminated corpuscle deep pressure and vibration

Front 50

Meissner corpuscle

Back 50

tactile corpuscle light touch and texture

Front 51

Albinism

Back 51

white, pale skin, pink iris lack of melanin lack of melanin genetic issue

Front 52

Cyanosis

Back 52

blue skin lack of O2

Front 53

Erythema

Back 53

red skin more blood in skin, exercise, sunburn, embarrassment

Front 54

Hematoma

Back 54

bruise trauma

Front 55

Jaundice

Back 55

yellow skin elevated blood bilirubin, liver dysfunction

Front 56

Pallor

Back 56

pale, ashen skin decreased blood to skin, shock, low bp, cold, stress