Nucleic Acids

Front 1

What does DNA stand for?

Back 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Front 2

What does RNA stand for?

Back 2

Ribonucleic Acid

Front 3

Where is DNA stored?

Back 3

Nucleus

Front 4

A _____ is a segment of a DNA molecule that carries genetic information for a specific protein

Back 4

Gene

Front 5

What are the two names of heterocyclic compounds of nucleic acids that are the nitrogen bases of nucleic acids?

Which bases go with which compound?

Back 5

Purine and Pyramidine.

Front 6

A ___________ is a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar.

A ___________ is nitrogen + sugar + phosphate.

Back 6

nucleoside, nucleotide

Front 7

What is the base pairing rule for DNA and RNA? What are the full names of each of the bases?

DNA: _ & _ , _ & _

RNA: _ & _, _ & _

A = ___, T = ____, G = ____, C = ____, U = ____

Back 7

A, T, G, C

A, U, G, C

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Front 8

mRNA is _______ RNA. It is the copy of a gene and carries information in the form of _______.

Back 8

messenger, codons

Front 9

A _______ is a group of 3 bases that represent a specific amino acid

Back 9

codon

Front 10

What is tRNA?

Back 10

transfer RNA

Front 11

rRNA is __________RNA which is the site of ____.

Back 11

ribosomal, protein synthesis

Front 12

DNA has a _______ structure, created with __ strands that run in anti-parallel directions. One strand runs in _____ direction, and the other 3' to 5' direction.

It is composed of a nitrogen base and a 3'-5' ______ bond between ___(sugar) and phosphate.

Back 12

double helix, two, 5' to 3', phosphodiester, deoxyribose

Front 13

The structure of RNA is a ____ strand.

RNA is composed of a ______ base, and a 3'-5' _________ bond between _____ (sugar) and _____.

Back 13

single, nitrogen, phosphodiester, ribose, phosphate.

Front 14

What would be the complementary strand to this strand of DNA?

5' A-T-G-G-C-G-T-A-C-G 3'

Back 14

3' T-A-C-C-G-C-A-T-G-C 5'

Front 15

What would be the mRNA complementary strand to the following DNA pair:

5' A-T-G-G-C-G-T-A-C-G 3'

3' T-A-C-C-G-C-A-T-G-C 5'

Back 15

5' A-U-G-G-C-G-U-A-C-G 3'

Front 16

Which enzyme unwinds a double strand of DNA during DNA replication, creates a replication fork and uses ATP hydrolysis?

Back 16

DNA helicase

Front 17

During DNA replication, which enzyme copies the leading DNA strand in a 5' to 3' direction?

Back 17

DNA polymerase

Front 18

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is created in small fragments called ______?

Back 18

Okazaki fragments

Front 19

Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand in DNA replication?

Back 19

DNA ligase

Front 20

What is the name of the process whereby DNA is copied to create mRNA?

Back 20

Transcription

Front 21

What is the name of the process where mRNA initiates the process of protein synthesis?

Back 21

Translation

Front 22

Which form of RNA has a clover leaf shape and

transports specific amino acids to the ribosome?

Back 22

tRNA

Front 23

What are the names of the two Purine bases?

Back 23

Adenine, Guanine

Front 24

What are the names of the three Pyramidine bases?

Back 24

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Front 25

The enzyme which binds to the "start" site and causes local unwinding during transcription.

Back 25

RNA Polymerase

Front 26

_____ is the process whereby introns are removed and exons are joined together to create mature mRNA after transcription

Back 26

Splicing

Front 27

AUG signals a ____ codon

Back 27

start

Front 28

UAA, UAG or UGA signal a ______ sequence, or stop codon.

Back 28

termination

Front 29

The initiation step in transcription involves a ____ subunit of a ribosome binding to ____.

tRNA with Met attaches to mRNA ____ codon (AUG) with a large ribosomal subunit to form a complete ______ .

The complete ribosome has an _ site and a _ site.

Back 29

small, mRNA, start, ribosome, A, P

Front 30

"A" site is the binding site for ________ tRNA.

"P" site is the binding site for _______.

Back 30

Aminoacyl, Peptidyl

Front 31

During the elongation process of translation, a ____ bond is formed by (enzyme) ______.

Back 31

Peptide, peptidyl transferase

Front 32

During post-translational modification, newly synthesised protein is modified in two ways

1. _______ modification

2. Limited ________

Back 32

Covalent, proteolysis

Front 33

Which part of the cell does transcription occur?

Back 33

Nucleus

Front 34

Which part of the cell does translation occur?

Back 34

Cytoplasm