Module #11
Chapter 21
Books cited: Becker’s world of the cell: J. Hardin, G. Bertoni, and L. Kleinsmith: 8th edition; pgs. 645-646 & 657–659.
Question #1 from D2L: What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma is the explanation of how genetic information flows as it is passed from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA replicates and converts the information it carries into RNA, this process is called transcription. During transcription the information is passed through nucleic acids and there is no need for a change in the “language.” When RNA continues the flow of information and it is passed to proteins, this is called translation. It is called translation because the information must be translated, and this is done with …show more content…
There are four stages that take place during transcription which are: binding, initiation, elongation, and termination. The first stage of transcription is binding. The binding stage starts with RNA polymerase attaching to a DNA promoter site. The enzyme then is guided by a sigma subunit which separates a portion of the DNA strand where the replication process will begin and this called the start point. The TATAAT sequence is another important portion of the DNA strand, which is located “10 bases upstream from the start point” (pg. 657) This is important because it is a promoter and guides RNA polymerase. (pg.657) The next stage in transcription is initiation. RNA polymerase then binds to the substrate (ribonucleoside triphosphate). Then RNA polymerase initiates the chemical bond of a 3’ hydroxyl group and 5’ phosphate group.(pg.658) These groups attach to the enzyme and other nucleotides are added as the enzyme continues down the strand. This goes on until there are are nine nucleotides attached and RNA polymerase detaches. The next stage in transcription is elongation. The RNA polymerase proceeds down the DNA strand, unraveling and attaching nucleotides as the chain continues to get longer. When the RNA polymerase moves down the strand, behind it, the double helix is woven back together. Finally, the last stage in transcription is termination. During termination the termination signal causes the elongation of the RNA chain to stop and transcription then stops.
Chapter 21
Books cited: Becker’s world of the cell: J. Hardin, G. Bertoni, and L. Kleinsmith: 8th edition; pgs. 645-646 & 657–659.
Question #1 from D2L: What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma is the explanation of how genetic information flows as it is passed from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA replicates and converts the information it carries into RNA, this process is called transcription. During transcription the information is passed through nucleic acids and there is no need for a change in the “language.” When RNA continues the flow of information and it is passed to proteins, this is called translation. It is called translation because the information must be translated, and this is done with …show more content…
There are four stages that take place during transcription which are: binding, initiation, elongation, and termination. The first stage of transcription is binding. The binding stage starts with RNA polymerase attaching to a DNA promoter site. The enzyme then is guided by a sigma subunit which separates a portion of the DNA strand where the replication process will begin and this called the start point. The TATAAT sequence is another important portion of the DNA strand, which is located “10 bases upstream from the start point” (pg. 657) This is important because it is a promoter and guides RNA polymerase. (pg.657) The next stage in transcription is initiation. RNA polymerase then binds to the substrate (ribonucleoside triphosphate). Then RNA polymerase initiates the chemical bond of a 3’ hydroxyl group and 5’ phosphate group.(pg.658) These groups attach to the enzyme and other nucleotides are added as the enzyme continues down the strand. This goes on until there are are nine nucleotides attached and RNA polymerase detaches. The next stage in transcription is elongation. The RNA polymerase proceeds down the DNA strand, unraveling and attaching nucleotides as the chain continues to get longer. When the RNA polymerase moves down the strand, behind it, the double helix is woven back together. Finally, the last stage in transcription is termination. During termination the termination signal causes the elongation of the RNA chain to stop and transcription then stops.