Nrcm 299 Test 2

Front 1

An allele that completely masks the effect of another allele is considered _________

Back 1

Dominant

Front 2

If birds with larger beaks are favored by the environment, it is likely that _________ selection will occur.

Back 2

directional

Front 3

A bimodal distribution of a trait in a population is the result of____________

Back 3

disruptive selection

Front 4

A change in allele frequency due to random chance is known as ________

Back 4

Genetic drift

Front 5

Reversible phenotypic change of an individual organism in response to changing environmental conditions are reffered to as _________

Back 5

Acclimation

Front 6

Which of the following is considered a plant adaptation to low-nutrient environments?

Back 6

increased leaf longevity

Front 7

Pneumatophores are typical of plants (particulary trees)

Back 7

Exposed to fluctuating water levels

Front 8

The true measure of an organism's reproductive success is _________

Back 8

Its fitness

Front 9

The mating system in which males and females mate with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond is known as _________

Back 9

Promiscuity

Front 10

Direct, aggressive competition among individuals for the opportunity to mate with the opposite sex is characteristic of__________

Back 10

Intrasexual selection

Front 11

As an individual ________ its reproductive effort, it ________ its survivorship

Back 11

Increases; reduces

Front 12

The more seeds that a plant produces in a single reproductive episode, the ________ of each seed

Back 12

smaller the size

Front 13

The reproductive strategy in which relatively few young are produced at repeated intervals during an individual's life is referred to as __________

Back 13

Iteroparity

Front 14

Altricial young are relatively

Back 14

helpless at birth and require a relatively long time for incubation/gestation

Front 15

Asynchronous hatching

Back 15

Favors the survival of the early hatched young

Front 16

A species that displays an iteroparous life strategy is also most likely to be which of the following?

Back 16

K-selected

Front 17

What is not a characteristic of an adaptation?

Back 17

None of the above

Front 18

Which of the following is an example of a morphological adaptation:

Back 18

Webbed feet on a duck

Front 19

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of a drought evader:

Back 19

Deep roots to retrieve water

Front 20

Growing thicker fur in the winter is an example of?

Back 20

Acclimation

Front 21

Which of the following terms is a classification of a plant adapted to wet areas:

Back 21

Hydrophyte

Front 22

Which of the following bodies of water best represents a lotic ecosystem?

Back 22

Spring

Front 23

In lakes and ponds, photosynthesis occurs primarily in the

Back 23

Limnetic zone

Front 24

In ponds and lakes, the zone beneath the depth of effective light penetration but above the bottom is referred to as the _________

Back 24

Profundal zone

Front 25

Semi-enclosed areas of the coastal ocean where seawater is diluted and partially mixed with freshwater comin from the land are reffered to as _________

Back 25

Estuaries

Front 26

The region of the vertical depth profile where water temperature declines most rapidly is the _______

Back 26

Thermocline

Front 27

Plants which have leaves which float on the water by are anchored by roots in the bottom substrate are known as __________

Back 27

none of the above

Front 28

In animals, a cycle of physiological activity that occurs within a 24 hour period is called a _______

Back 28

circadian rhythum

Front 29

A _________ is a measurable, gradual change over a geographic region in the average value of a trait

Back 29

cline

Front 30

A ________ is a population that has adapted to its unique local environmental conditions

Back 30

ecotype

Front 31

The process by which one species gives rise to multiple species that exploit different features of the environment is called ________

Back 31

adaptive radiation

Front 32

The ability of a genotype to give rise to a variety of phenotypic expressions under different environmental conditions is called _________

Back 32

phenotypic plasticity

Front 33

An organism's ________ is its lifetime pattern of growth, development, and reproduction

Back 33

Life history

Front 34

Nonflowing water ecosystems, such as ponds and lakes, are also called _______ ecosystems

Back 34

Lentic

Front 35

In lakes and ponds, the _______ zone is a shallow water zone along the perimeter in which light reaches the bottom

Back 35

littoral

Front 36

A ______ is a ring of coral reefs and islands surrounding a lagoon and are formed when a volcanic mountain subsides beneath the surface

Back 36

Atoll

Front 37

______ forests typically grow in the intertidal zone of tropical coasts where wave action is absent, sediments accumulate, and the mud is anoxic

Back 37

Mangroves

Front 38

Freshwater wetlands dominated by emergent herbaceous vegetation are called ______

Back 38

marshes

Front 39

The duration, frequency, depth, and season of flooding of a freshwater period are collectively reffered to as the ________

Back 39

hydroperiod

Front 40

________ selection favors individuals possesing traits near the mean value of the populations

Back 40

stabilizing

Front 41

Discuss the difference between r-strategists and K-strategists. Give an example of each

Back 41

-R selectes species predominates in unstable, temporary or unpredictable environments where ability to reproduce is essential
-Common traits include small size, rapid development, short generation time, large number of offspring and miinimal care
-Examples: weeds, insects, bacteria

-K selected species predominates in stable and predictable environments
-Common traits include large size, long lifespan, delayed and repeated reproduction, slower development, small number of offspring per reproduction effort, by provide great care for offspring
-Examples: elephants, humans, trees, whales

Front 42

Define circadian rhythm. Discuss the differences in the three types of circadian rhythms and provide examples of animals for each type.

Back 42

Circadian rhythm reffers to activities of animals that show a regular pattern that occurs about every 24 hours.
-Three types:
1. Diurnal - feed durring the day. Ex: zebra
2. Nocturnal - feed at night. Ex: Owls
3. Crepuscular - feed at dawn and dusk. Ex: Mice

Front 43

We discussed 4 physiological poperties that can constrain life: water, elements, light, and temperature. Choose 2 of the 4 and describe how they function to constrain life and how plants/animals adapt to these constraints

Back 43

Light
-Debris in water can reduce level of light penetration and reduce productivity
-On land, certain plants require direct sunlight to grow, while others cant survive in intense light and must live in shady environments
-Some adaptations are, insects see in UV and pit vipors use electromagnetic radiation

Water
-Organisms must be adapted to live in water
-Organisms muse be adapted to live without water
-Some adaptations are drought evadors stay in seeds until rain, and drought resisters store large quantities of water in tissues

Front 44

Define the three main categories of adaptations that we discussed and provide examples of each.

Back 44

1. Morphological - Change in the outward form or the physical arrtibute of an organism that allows it to interact favorable with its environment.
-Example: Snowshoe hair thickens coat and turns white in winter

2. Physiological - Related to change of the internal process of an organism
-Ex: Bear hibernating

3. Behavioral - change or adaptation in the behavior of an animal that allows it to better be adapted into its environment
Example: Birds migrate south in winter.