Test 2 Take 2

Front 1

The most abundant white blood cells in a blood sample from a healthy individual are:
a. Basophils.
b. Lymphocytes.
c. Macrophage/monocytes.
d. Neutrophils.
e. NK cells.

Back 1

Neutrophils

Front 2

The cell surface molecules used by the immune system to recognize “self” are:
a. antigens.
b. cytokines.
c. antibodies.
d. MHC molecules.
e. complement factors

Back 2

MHS molecules

Front 3

Which of the following is a molecular component of innate defenses?
a. antibodies
b. complement
c. antigens
d. cytotoxins
e. thymus

Back 3

complement

Front 4

The ____ play a key role in initiating the immune response.
a. Basophils.
b. Eosinophils.
c. Neutrophils.
d. B-cells.
e. Macrophages

Back 4

Macrophages

Front 5

B-cells that become plasma cells produce large quantities of:
a. antibodies.
b. complement.
c. defensins.
d. interferon.
e. interleukins

Back 5

antibodies

Front 6

The antibody function of “gluing” pathogens together and inhibiting their growth is known as:
a. agglutination.
b. complement activation.
c. neutralization.
d. opsonization.
e. cytotoxicity.

Back 6

agglutination

Front 7

Which class of antibody is found primarily in the mucus lining body cavities?
a. IgA.
b. IgE.
c. IgG.
d. IgM.
e. iPod

Back 7

Iga

Front 8

A disorder such as agammaglobulinemia in which one or more functions of the immune system is lacking is known as:
a. acquired immunity.
b. allergy.
c. autoimmunity.
d. immunodeficiency
e. None of these.

Back 8

immunodeficiency

Front 9

The highly specific line of defense against invading pathogens is known as
a. acquired immunity.
b. allergy.
c. autoimmunity.
d. innate defenses.
e. immunodeficiency.

Back 9

acquired immunity.

Front 10

Fixed macrophages of the skin are called:
a. Goblet cells.
b. Kupffer cells.
c. Langerhans (dendritic) cells.
d. Microglia.
e. stem cells.

Back 10

Langerhans (dendritic) cells.

Front 11

Which of the following is NOT a part of the innate defenses?
a. complement factors
b. helper T-cells
c. defensins
d. NK cells
e. mucus membranes

Back 11

helper T cells

Front 12

Which of the following is the correct order for the relative abundance of white blood cells, from greatest to least, in the blood of a normal healthy person?
a. Basophil, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte/Macrophage, Neutrophil.
b. Monocyte/Macrophage, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Neutrophil, Basophil.
c. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte/Macrophage, Eosinophil, Basophil.
d. Lymphocyte, Basophil, Monocyte/Macrophage, Neutrophil, Eosinophil.
e. Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte/Macrophage, Basophil, Lymphocyte.

Back 12

Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte/Macrophage, Eosinophil, Basophil.

Front 13

Molecules on the surface of cells that the immune system uses to distinguish "self" from foreign are:
a. Antibodies.
b. Cytokines.
c. Interferons.
d. MHC molecules.
e. Complement factors.

Back 13

MHC Molecules

Front 14

When IgE antibodies react to ___, the response may lead to the inflammation known as allergic reaction.
a. antibodies.
b. allergens.
c. cytokines.
d. defensins.
e. monoclonals.

Back 14

allergens

Front 15

Molecules produced during virus invasion that aid cells in resisting virus infection and increase NK cell attack on virus-infected cells are:
a. antibodies.
b. complement.
c. cytokines.
d. interferons.
e. pili.

Back 15

interferons.

Front 16

The process known as the complement cascade kills pathogens by
a. creating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
b. creating holes in cell membranes.
c. triggering apoptosis.
d. agglutinating cells.
e. phagocytosis.

Back 16

creating holes in cell membranes

Front 17

The microbiota (microbial flora) of the body have no role in protecting the body from infection.
True or false

Back 17

false

Front 18

Cells of the acquired immune system that primarily target virus-infected cells are:
a. Neutrophils.
b. Lymphocytes.
c. Macrophages.
d. NK cells.
e. Cytotoxic T-cells

Back 18

Cytotoxic T Cells

Front 19

Neutrophils kill pathogens by
a. triggering apoptosis.
b. phagocytosis.
c. triggering the complement cascade.
d. releasing defensins.
e. both B and D.

Back 19

phagocytosis.
releasing defensins.

Front 20

The process of phagocytes moving toward the source of chemokines or other cytokines is known as:
a. chemotaxis.
b. complement cascade.
c. apoptosis.
d. opsonization.
e. activation

Back 20

chemotaxis.

Front 21

__ is a component of sweat and tears that helps prevent bacterial infection by damaging bacterial cell walls.
a. Cytokine.
b. Interferon.
c. LPS.
d. Lysozyme.
e. Histamine.

Back 21

Lysozyme.

Front 22

Macrophages use ___ to present antigen to lymphocytes.
a. antibodies
b. chemokines
c. IL-1
d. MHC II
e. MACs

Back 22

MHC II

Front 23

T-cells (T lymphocytes) mature in the :
a. liver.
b. bone marrow.
c. MALT.
d. spleen.
e. thymus.

Back 23

thymus

Front 24

The type of protection from disease provided by the cytotoxic T-cells is called ____ immunity.

a. auto-
b. cellular
c. humoral
d. innate
e. None of these.

Back 24

cellular

Front 25

Naive lymphocytes require __ to become "activated" and participate in the fight against infection.
a. presentation of the epitope for which they are specific.
b. a specific set of cytokines.
c. histamines, leukotrienes and prostoglandins.
d. interferons and defensins.
e. both A and B at the same time

Back 25

a. presentation of the epitope for which they are specific.
b. a specific set of cytokines

Front 26

The white blood cells of the innate defenses that also participate directly in the activation of lymphocytes are:
a. Basophils.
b. Eosinophils.
c. Macrophages.
d. NK cells.
e. Neutrophils.

Back 26

Macrophages.

Front 27

The ___ are the white blood cells that coordinate the acquired immune response.
a. basophils.
b. cytotoxic T-cells.
c. helper T-cells.
d. eosinophils.
e. neutrophils.
f. NK cells.

Back 27

helper T-cells.

Front 28

Each mature, activated B-lymphocyte produces a single class of antibody specific for a single epitope.
True
b. False

Back 28

true

Front 29

Interleukin (IL) ___ is involved in promoting a cellular (Type 1) immune response.
a. 1
b. 4
c. 6
d. 10
e. 12

Back 29

12

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT true of the process by which B-cells create their unique antibody molecules?
a. Different genetic elements are spliced together.
b. The process is irreversible.
c. There are millions of potential epitope binding sites.
d. The process is triggered by exposure to antigen.
e. The "choices" are random.

Back 30

The process is triggered by exposure to antigen.

Front 31

The white blood cells primarily responsible for attacking helminth parasites are:
a. NK cells.
b. Basophils.
c. Eosinophils.
d. monocytes.
e. CD4+ T-lymphocytes

Back 31

Eosinophils.

Front 32

The class of antibody primarily found in the blood is:
a. IgA.
b. IgM.
c. IgE.
d. IgG.
e. iPod.

Back 32

IgG.

Front 33

The antibody function known as ___ inactivates toxins.
a. agglutination
b. complement activation
c. neutralization
d. opsonization
e. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) killing

Back 33

neutralization

Front 34

An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath of neurons is known as:
a. agammaglobulinemia.
b. ankylosing spondylitis.
c. multiple sclerosis.
d. SCID.
e. SLE.

Back 34

multiple sclerosis.

Front 35

All of the following may become "memory cells" after an infection EXCEPT:
a. plasma cells.
b. cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
c. helper T-lymphocytes.
d. activated B-cells.

Back 35

plasma cells.

Front 36

Classic systemic lupus erythmatosis is characterized by the presence of:
a. allergens.
b. antibodies specific for DNA.
c. chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5).
d. IgE antibodies.
e. antibodies specific for cells of the pancreas.

Back 36

antibodies specific for DNA.

Front 37

Which of the following is a concern for attenuated vaccines?
a. They can, on rare occasion, cause the disease they are intended to prevent.
b. They sometimes contain toxic materials that can trigger adverse reactions.
c. They frequently do not produce an immune response unless boosters are given.
d. They are created by genetically engineered microbes.
e. Both C and D.

Back 37

They can, on rare occasion, cause the disease they are intended to prevent.

Front 38

Gammaglobulin is used to:
a. provide lasting immunity (memory cells).
b. provide short term, immediate immunity.
c. suppress immunity.
d. test for exposure.
e. prevent infection.

Back 38

provide short term, immediate immunity.

Front 39

The tetanus vaccination (tetanus toxoid) is an example of a ___ vaccine.
a. attenuated
b. whole killed
c. extract subunit
d. genetically engineered

Back 39

extract subunit

Front 40

The inflammatory response is sometimes harmful.
a. True
b. False

Back 40

true

Front 41

Monoclonal antibodies (mouse antibodies of defined specificity) are used in:
a. allergy testing.
b. immunoassays.
c. immunotherapy.
d. gene therapy.
e. both B and C.
f. both A and D

Back 41

immunoassays.
immunotherapy