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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. List the four “non-sedating” anti-histamines (minor dry mouth).
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• Loratadine (Claritin)
• Fexofenadine (Allegra) • Cetirizine (Zyrtec) • Desloratadine (Clarinex) |
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2. List the two sedating anti-histamines (significant dry mouth).
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• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) |
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3. Describe the differences between the H1 and H2 receptors.
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The H1 receptor is associated with hay fever reactions. The H2 receptor is associated with gastric acidity and will be described under drugs which lower gastric acidity.
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4. For the prototypical “non-sedating” antihistamine cetirizine (Zyrtec), describe its use, pharmacologic category, mechanism of action and adverse effects having incidence greater than 10%. (From DIHD)
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• Use
o perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis and other allergic symptoms including urticaria; chronic idiopathic urticaria • Pharmacologic category o Histamine H1 Antagonist (Second generation) • Mechanism o Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract • Adverse effects having incidence greater than 10% o CNS: Headache, somnolence |
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5. For the prototypical “sedating” antihistamine diphenhydramine (Benadryl), describe its use, pharmacologic category and mechanism of action. (From DIHD)
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• Use
o Symptomatic relief of allergic symptoms caused by histamine release including nasal allergies and allergic dermatosis; adjunct to epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis; nighttime sleep aid; prevention or treatment of motion sickness; antitussive; management of Parkinsonian syndrome including drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms; topically for relief of pain and itching associated with insect bites, minor cuts and burns, or rashes due to poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac • Pharmacologic category o Histamine H1 Antagonist (First Generation) • Mechanism of action o Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract; anticholinergic and sedative effects are also seen |
