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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neural-maturationist theory of development
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-pre-determined patterns
-NS maturation -does not develop in response to development |
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cognitive theories of development
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-behavioral theory
-piagetian theory |
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behavioral theory
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-learning w/ environmental reinforcement
-operant responses -stages are descriptions, not explanations |
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piagetian theory
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-interaction b/t CNS maturation and environmental oppurtunities
-self-regulation |
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dynamical systems
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-process
-cooperating systems -internal and external |
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primitive reflexes
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-originate in brainstem
-purpose=protection and survival |
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attitudinal reflexes
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-changes in body posture before they move the head
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righting reactions
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-orientation of head and body in space
-automatic reactions allow for children to maintain stability |
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balance and protective reactions
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-maintain balance
-help protect |
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what are the 5 primitive reflexes
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-rooting
-suck/swallow -palmar grasp -plantar grasp -moro |
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rooting
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-touching the peri-oral area results in head or mouth turn towards stimulus
-appears 28 weeks gestation -integrates @ 3 months |
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suck/swallow
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-touching inside of mouth results in tongue riding up/down w/ the jaw and then swallowing
-appears 28-34 wks gestation -integrates @ 5 months |
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palmar grasp
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-pressure on palm of hand results in flexion of fingers
-appears @ 28 wks gestation -integrates @ 4-7 months |
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plantar grasp
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-pressure on plantar aspect of foot results in flexion of toes
-appears @ 28 wks gestation -integrates @ 9 months |
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Moro
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-arms abduct and extend and fingers splay in response to head dropping back 20-30 degrees in sitting
-appears @ 28 weeks gestation -integrates @ 3-5 months |
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Attitudinal Reflexes
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-asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
-symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR) -tonic labryinthine reflex (TLR) |
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asymmetric tonic neck reflex
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-extension of face and arm
-flexion in skull arm when head is turned -appears @ 20 weeks gestation -integrates @ 4-5 months |
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symmetric tonic neck reflex
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-flexion of UE and extension in LE when head is flexed
-extension in UE and flexion in LE when head is extended -appears @ 4-6 months -integrates at 8-12 months |
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tonic labryinthine reflex
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-extension tone dominates in supine
-flexion tone dominates in prone -appears @ birth -integrates @ 6 months |
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Righting Reactions
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-head orientation
-landau reaction -body orientation |
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head orientation
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-optical righting reaction
-labyrinthine righting reaction (vestibular system) -body-on-head righting reaction |
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landau reaction
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-head, upper trunk, and legs extend when suspended in prone
-appears @ 3-4 months -integrates @ 12-24 months |
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body orientation
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-neck-on-body righting reaction
-body-on-body righting reaction |
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balance and protective reactions
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-tilting reactions
-parachute/protective responses |
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tilting reactions
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-prone
-sitting |
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prone tilting reactions
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-spine curves so head and pelvis move in opposite direction as tilt
-5-6 months -persists |
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sitting tilting reaction
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-spine curves so head and pelvis move in opposite direction as tilt
-appears 7-8 months -persists |
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Parachute/protective reactions
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-forward
-sideward -backward |
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forward protective reaction
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-reaches toward surface w/ elbow extended; bears weight on arms on surface in response to forward plunge toward surface
-appears 6-9 months -persists |
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sideward protective reaction
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-shoulder abduction and elbow extension to put hand down in response to quick tip to side
-appears @ 7 months -persists |
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backward protective reaction
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-hands place behind to prevent fall in response to quick tip backwards
-appears @ 9 months -persists |
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milestones occurring around 3 months
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-midline head control
-rolling supine to side-lying, non-segmentally |
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motor milestones occuring around 4 months
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-prone on elbows
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motor milestones occurring around 5 months
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-unilateral reaching in prone on elbows
-prone on extended arms -pivot prone posture -rolling prone to supine segmentally -head lifting in supine -supine, hands to knees and feet -propped sitting -supine bridging |
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motor milestones occurring around 6 months
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-rolling supine to prone segmentally
-ring sitting, unsupported w/ full trunk extension and high guard -transferring objects hand to hand |
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motor milestones occurring around 7 months
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-belly crawling
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motor milestones occurring around 8 months
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-independent sitting w/ secondary curves
-beginning quadruped -beginning pull to standing |
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motor milestones occuring around 10 months
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-creeping
-cruising |
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motor milestones occurring around 12 months
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-pulling to stand through half-kneeling
-walking independently |
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motor milestones occurring around 15 months
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-creeping up stairs
-creeping down stairs |
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motor milestones occuring around 18 months
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-walking up stairs w/ help or handrail
-walking down stairs w/ help or handrail -jumping down 1 step |
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motor milestones occurring around 24 months
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-jumping off floor, both feet
-kicking a ball |
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motor milestones occurring around 30 months
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-running
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motor milestones occurring around 36 months
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-stands on one leg for 3 sec
-catches a ball -stairs w/ alternating feet |
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gross motor skills b/t 0-4 months
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-head control
-prone on elbows |
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fine motor skills b/t 0-4 months
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-swipes @ objects
-hands mostly closed -midline activities |
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cognition / language b/t 0-4 months
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-listens to voices
-may smile -cries for attention |
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gross motor skills b/t 4-6 months
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-roll prone to supine w/ log roll
-supported sitting |
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fine motor skills b/t 4-6 months
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-reaches for objects w/o contact
-grasps rattle -hand more open |
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cognition/language 4-6 months
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-laughs
-babbles -turns head to voice -eats cheerios |
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gross motor skills 7-9 months
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-belly crawling
-sits independently -creeping |
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fine motor skills 7-9 months
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-reaches in prone
-rakes or scoops objects |
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cognition/language 7-9 months
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-babbles
-responds to familiar people -responds to name -shouts to gain attention |
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gross motor skills 9-12 months
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-pull to stand
-cruising -stand alone w/ a few steps -walking @ 12 months |
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fine motor skills 9-12 months
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-holds bottle/cup w/ hands
-picks up small objects -fine pincer grasp |
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cognition/language 9-12 months
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-patty cake
-waves bye-bye -fear of strangers -"mama" |
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gross motor 12-24 months
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-walks independently
-up and down stairs w/ rail -jumps down from step |
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fine motor 12-24 months
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-holds crayon in fist w/ thumb up
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cognition/language 12-24 months
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-understands and follows simple commands
-points to 3 body parts |
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gross motor 2-3 years
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-stairs w/ alternating feet
-hops -jumps off floor w/ both feet |
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fine motor 2-3 years
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-holds crayons w/ fingers
-helps dress/undress |
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cognition/language 2-3 years
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-states name
-list of vocab -knows some colors -short sentences |
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signs of atypical development 0-3 months
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-unable to lift head
-stiff legs w/ little movement -pushes back w/ head -keeps hands fisted w/ little arm movment |
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signs of atypical development 6 months
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-poor head control
-rounded back -arches back and stiffens legs |
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signs of atypical development 9 months
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-uses only one hand
-poor use of arms in sitting -difficultly crawling -uses only one side of body |
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signs of atypical development 12 months
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-difficulty standing due to stiff legs
-needs to use hands to sit -sits w/ weight to one side |
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signs of atypical development 15 months
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-unable to take steps independently
-falls frequently -walks on toes |
