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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the difference between damage to the gray & white matter?
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- damage to the gray matter can be localized to segments
- damage to white matter interrupts signaling to brain & can have loss of function inferior to site of damage |
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what does fluid damage do to the spinal cord?
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- fluid can compress neurons & decrease transmission
- can also cause increased glial proliferation to create glial scar and block regeneration |
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how does excitotoxicity occur?
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- damaged neurons release stored glutamate which is an excitatory NT
- overexcite neurons & oligodendrocytes --> causes cell death by free radicals |
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how does loss of neurotrophins affect axons?
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- because of loss of axonal connections neurons are now derived of neurotrophins & growth factors
- deprivation of these is major reason for cell death |
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how do myelin & glial scars contribute to axon regrowth?
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- they have signals that block axon regrowth
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can regeneration occur in the CNS? PNS?
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- not in CNS, yes in PNS
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what happens when you transect the peripheral branch of a DRG?
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- can help to cause regrowth of CNS branch
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what does methylprednisone do?
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- only FDA treatment approved to decrease swelling post spinal cord injury
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what do AMPA receptor antagonists help do post spinal cord trauma?
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- help to decrease cell death via glutamate & excitotoxicity
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why could peripheral grafts help with CNS regeneration?
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- because regeneration can occur in PNS so these grafts have favorable terrain for regrowth
- bridges can have neurotrophins or growth factors & schwann cells & collagen |
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what is the only part of the CNS that can regenerate?
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- olfactory system
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what cells do the inhibitory cues in the CNS come from? what CNS cells could you replace them with?
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- myelin & oligodendrocytes
- could replace them with olfactory ensheathing glia |
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what are the inhibitory factor coming from myelin? what receptor do they act on?
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- Nogo
- MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) - act on SAME receptor Grow |
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for DRG do you have to damage the peripheral or CNS side first to get CNS regeneration?
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- sever PNS side first then damage CNS and can get some CNS regrowth
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what can stem cells injected into CNS do?
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- cells can differentiate into oligodendrocytes and can aid in myelin repair and secrete BDNF
- can also differentiate into neurons and glia, but we do not know yet (still in phase I) |
