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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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symp post gang neurons from adrenal medulla release___.
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Epi
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AChesterase inhibitors help MG and Alzheim, but what do they affect and why?
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Affect all symp and parasymp neurons because they have at least pregang neurons using them. somatic neurons as well
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When does postgang symp neuron not use a catecholamine? what use?
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eccrine sweat glands use cholinergic NTs
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How is ACh release terminated?
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AChE
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Administer a musc receptor agonist and what ocurrs?
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dec. HR, dec heart contractility, AV block, inc stomach acid and secretory gland secretions
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Where does nico receptor release catecholamines?
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Adrenal medulla (esp epi)
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symp post gang neurons from adrenal medulla release___.
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Epi
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AChesterase inhibitors help MG and Alzheim, but what do they affect and why?
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Affect all symp and parasymp neurons because they have at least pregang neurons using them. somatic neurons as well
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When does postgang symp neuron not use a catecholamine? what use?
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eccrine sweat glands use cholinergic NTs
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How is ACh release terminated?
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AChE
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Block AChE, you get 3 primary results...
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1. >activation of post-syn nico(all) and musc (parasym) 2. all parasym affctd 3.neuromusc jnxn
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Administer a musc receptor agonist and what ocurrs?
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dec. HR, dec heart contractility, AV block, inc stomach acid and secretory gland secretions
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Where are nico receptors found? How do they mediate depolarization?
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every nerve, CNS, skeletal muscle. allow Na infulx thru ligand gated channel.
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Where does nico receptor release catecholamines?
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Adrenal medulla (esp epi)
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What are steps in epinephrine synthesis starting with tyr?
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Tyr--(tyr hydxl)--dopa--(aro AA decarbxl)--dopamine--(dpmneBhydxl)--nor--(PhNmeth trans)--epi
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Epi is released from adrenal gland. What enzyme must bespecfic to this type of organ?
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Phenyl N methyl transferase
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A drug is meant to stop the mvmnt of catechols to syn cleft. How might it do this and what does it stop? Which drug?
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Block storage of catechols(DA, NE, and Epi) thru blocking VMAT. Seratonin also stopped. Reserpine
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What is the primary means of inactivating catechols?
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reuptake.
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NorEpi Transporter uptakes what catechols? DopAmine Trans?
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all of them, DAT just DA (so found in nerves with just dopamine)
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What is MonoAmine Oxidase? COMT? How do they affect regulation of NTs at cleft?
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MOA- mito enzyme that breaks down catechols, COMT extracellular enzyme that does same. No regulation
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The radial muscle of iris constracts, what NT and receptor affctd?
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NE and alpha-1 receptor
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NE is taken up by a beta1 in heart. What happens?
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inc HR(SA), contractility, automaticity, velocity (atria, AV, purk, ventricles)
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NE is taken up by an alpha2 on nerve terminal. What happens?
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decrease NE release
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A patient is taking an alpha1 antagonist. What are some of the side effects? What are the alpha1 antags?
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abnormal ejaculation, hypotensioin, nasal congestion, 1st dose phenomenon, dizziness
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A patient is having problems with leaking urine and having low GI transit time. What should he take?
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alpha1 agonist
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How do alpha2 receptors affect brainstem?
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Inc para, dec symp
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A person needs to see far so he opens his pupil. What NT and receptor affected and where?
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epi to beta2 in ciliary muscle
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You are running from a bear so your muscles gear up. What NT, receptor affected and where?
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epi (since 100x more affin) to beta2 in skeletal muscle vasculature
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A patient is having exercise asthma. How can you treat it with an NT? what receptor and where affected? What is an agonist for this receptor?
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beta2 receptor agonist on tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle. Levabuterol, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Formoterol
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A patient is having incontinence. How can you help him?
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beta2 to relax the detrusor muscle
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Where is dopamine synthesized?
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symp post gang neurons, juxtuloglom cells of kidney
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A patient has high blood pressure. How can dopamine help him? What are dopamine receptor agonists?
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D1 receptor increases renal blood flow, GFR, Na excretion. also vasodil in heart, brain, mesentary. Dopamine or fenoldopam used
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How does dopamine afect post-gang symp nerve terminals?
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decrease NT release
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Parasym innervation not on vasc smooth muscle. How do they vasodilate?
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Have musc receptors
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A patient experiences decreased HR with slight decrease in contractility. What kind of drugs might he be taking?
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muscarinic agonists
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A scared person will dilate their pupils. What happens and how does this differ from far vision?
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alpha1 receptor causes radial muscle to contract--dilation. Far vision thru beta2 (prefers epi)
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People resting have more constricted pupils. What receptors and where?
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muscarinic thru sphincter muscle in iris (passes thru CNIII-ciliary gang)
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A patient has glaucoma, how tx and what happens? What drugs can you use?
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alpha1,2 activation to decrease blood to ciliary body, thus decrease aqu humor prodxn and flow. Epi, Brominidine, POM
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person with asthma. what give to tx and how work? What are names of these drugs?
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beta2 agonist. bronchodilation, decr vasc perm and inhibit inflam mediators(decr histamine), incr cilial beat. Levabuteril, Albuterol, Formoterol, Terbutaline
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What type of people should avoid beta1 agonists for asthma? why?
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glaucoma. beta agonists incr aqu humor, esp beta1
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