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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 targets of the nervous system?
Which are innervated by ANS? |
Skeletal muscle
Sensory structures Smooth muscle* Cardiac muscle* Secretory glands* *Innervated by the ANS |
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What is the structure which sits superior to the foramen magnum?
What is it called when this structure herniates through the formen magnum? |
Tonsil (of the cerebellum)
Tonsilar herniation |
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What are the three parts of the brainstem from cranial to caudal?
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Midbrain
Pons Medulla |
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Which part of the brain stem is involved in wakefulness?
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Reticular Formation
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Damage to which two parts of the brain can lead to a coma?
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Reticular Formation (of the brain stem)
Large areas of the cerebral cortex |
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What are the four parts of the diencephalon?
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus |
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What separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?
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Lateral sulcus
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What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
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Central sulcus
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What are the 2 functions of the thalamus?
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1. Processes all sensory information (except olfactory)
2. Integrates motor functions of the cortex with the cerebellum and basal nuclei |
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Where does olfactory sensory information go?
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Directly to the cortex of the anterior temporal lobe (uncus)
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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Regulates homeostasis, reproductive functions, circadian rhythm, sleep, and autonomic functions
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From what structure do the mamillary bodies and the attachment of the pituitary stalk arise from?
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Hypothalamus
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What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
What sort of matter is this structure made of? |
Corpus callosum
White matter |
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What part of the brain is located just rostral of the central sulcus?
What is the function of this area of the brain? |
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex |
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What is the ventral, caudal gyrus of the frontal lobe responsible for?
What is the area called? |
Speech motor control
Broca's area |
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What is the dorsal, caudal gyrus of the temporal lobe responsible for?
What is this area called? |
Speech comprehension and composition
Wernicke's area |
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95-99% of right-handed people have speech dominant in which side of the brain?
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Left
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What are basal nuclei?
What are their functions? |
Large collections of gray matter located within the subcortical white matter
Regulation of motor functions by modification of voluntary movements initated by the motor cortex |
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What sort of cells line the ventricles?
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Ependymal cells
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What is the structure called which makes CSF?
Where is this structure located? |
Choroid plexus
Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramina, roof of the 3rd ventricle, part of the 4th ventricle |
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What is the ventral fissure of the "Y" in the caudal part of the brain called?
What is its function? |
Calcarine sulcus
Primary visual cortex |
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Where is the central visual field cortex located?
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Posterior calcarine sulcus
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Where is the peripheral visual field cortex located?
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Anterior calcarine sulcus
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What is the superior, rostral fissure of the "Y" in the caudal part of the brain called?
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Parietal-occipital sulcus
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What 2 structures make up the primary motor cortex?
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Precentral gyrus
Paracentral lobule (anterior part) |
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What 2 structures make up the primary sensory cortex?
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Postcentral gyrus
Paracentral lobule (posterior part) |
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What is the function of the superior parietal lobule?
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General sensory association cortex
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What is the function of the inferior parietal lobule?
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Multimodal association cortex
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What separates the superior parietal lobule from the inferior parietal lobule?
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Intraparietal sulcus
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Which part of the brain is used for object identification without the use of vision?
Where is it located? |
General sensory association cortex
Superior parietal lobule |
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Which part of the brain is used to integrate general sensations with special sensations, such as audition and vision?
Where is it located? |
Multimodal association cortex
Inferior parietal lobule |
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What is the the function of the superior temporal gyrus?
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Primary auditory cortex
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Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
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Superior temporal gyrus
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What is the function of the middle and inferior temporal gyri?
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Visual association cortices
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What is the location of the visual association cortices?
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Middle and inferior temporal gyri
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What is the function of the lateral occipital lobe?
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Primary visual cortex
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Where is the primary visual cortex located?
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Lateral occipital lobe
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What is the function of the hippocampal formation?
What are the three cortical areas? |
Consolidation of new memories
Hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum |
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What part of the brain is responsible for consolidation of new memories?
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Hippocampal formation
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What is the function of the anterior end of the parahippocampal gyrus?
What is it called? |
Primary olfactory cortex
Uncus |
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What are the twelve pairs of cranial nerves?
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I - Olfactory
II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducent VII - Facial VIII - Vestibulocochlear IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal |
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What is the plate through which olfactory fibers penetrate?
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Cribriform plate
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What passes through the optic canal?
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CN.II
Opthalmic artery |
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What passes through the suerior orbital fissure?
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CN.III
CN.IV CN.V<sub>1</sub> CN.VI |
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What passes through the foramen rotundum?
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CN.V<sub>2</sub>
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What passes through the foramen ovale?
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CN.V<sub>3</sub>
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What passes through the foramen spinosum?
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Middle meningeal artery
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Rupture of the middle meningeal artery will lead to what sort of cranial hematoma?
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Epidural hematoma
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What passes through the carotid canal?
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Internal carotid artery (11)
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What passes through the hiatus of greater petrosal?
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Greater petrosal nerve
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What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?
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CN.VII
CN.VIII |
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What passes through the jugular foramen?
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CN.IX
CN.X CN.XI |
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What passes through the hypoglossal canal?
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CN.XII
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What passes through the formen magnum?
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CN.XI
Vertebral artery |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.I?
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CN.I - Olfactory
Special sensory Smell Cribriform plate |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.II?
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CN.II - Optic
Special sensory Vision Optic Canal |
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Which cranial nerves are associated with the anterior cranial fossa?
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CN.I
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Which cranial nerves are associated with the middle cranial fossa?
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CN.II
CN.III CN.IV CN.V CN.VI |
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Which cranial nerves are associated with the posterior cranial fossa?
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CN.VII
CN.VIII CN.IX CN.X CN.XI CN.XII |
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From which spinal cord segments do sympathetics to head and neck structures arise?
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T1-T4/T5
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What are the sympathetic functions of the head and neck?
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1. Sweating of the face
2. Arterial constriction (pallor) 3. Innervation of the smooth muscle dilator of the pupil 4. Innervation of the smooth muscle superior tarsal muscle |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.III?
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CN.III - Oculomotor
Somatomotor, Para/Pre Eye movement Superior orbital fissure |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.IV?
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CN.IV - Trochlear
Somatomotor Eye movement (Superior Oblique Muscle only) Superior orbital fissure |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.V<sub>1</sub>?
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CN.V<sub>1</sub> - Opthalmic
Somatosensory Sensory of the cornea, iris, ciliary body, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, mucus membrane of nasal cavity, skin of eyelids, eyebrow, forehead, and nose Superior orbital fissure |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.V<sub>2</sub>?
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CN.V<sub>2</sub> - Maxillary
Somatosensory Sensory from the maxilla, palate, nasal cavity, sinus, and midface Foramen rotundum |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.V<sub>3</sub>?
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CN.V<sub>3</sub> - Mandibular
Somatosensory, Somatomotor Sensory from lower face, buccal mucosa, anterior 2/3 of the tongue; Motor for mastication Foramen ovale |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.VI?
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CN.VI - Abducent
Somatomotor Eye abduction (Lateral rectus) Superior orbital fissure |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.VII?
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CN.VII - Facial
SS, SM, Taste Sensory, Para/Pre Movement of facial muscles, sensations of tongue and oral cavity Internal auditory meatus |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.VIII?
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CN.VIII - Vestibulocochlear
Balance/Hearing sensory Balance, hearing Internal auditory meatus |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.IX?
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CN.IX - Glossopharyngeal
Visceroscensory, SM, Taste sensory, Para/Pre Sensory from tonsils, posterior 1/3 of tongue, parotid gland Jugular foramen |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.X?
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CN.X - Vagus
Viscerosensory, SM, Taste sensory, Para/Pre Myriad Jugular foramen |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.XI?
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CN.XI - Accessory
SM Trapezius and Sterno-Cleido-Mastoid innervation Foramen Magnum to Jugular foramen |
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What is the name, nerve components, function, and pathway for CN.XII?
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CN.XII - Hypoglossal
Somatomotor Tongue muscles ? |
