Neurologic System Vocab Chapt 22

Front 1

Accommodation

Back 1

eye able to focus on both near and far objects

Front 2

aphasia

Back 2

a defect in or loss of the power of expression by speech writing or able to comprehend spoken or written language

Front 3

Babinskis reflex

Back 3

a reflex action elicited by stimulating the sole of the foot and characterized by dorsiflexion of the great toe and flaring of the smaller toes. a positive Babinski reflex indicates an abnormality in the motor control pathways of the nervous system

Front 4

calculi

Back 4

an abnormal concretion usually of mineral salts, occurring mainly in hollow organs or their passages, renal or kidney stones

Front 5

caloric testing

Back 5

testing to check the oculovestibular reflex. A pts eye movements are observed while the external ear canal is irrigated with 20-200 cold water. absence of eye movement indicates a brainstem lesion

Front 6

clonus

Back 6

continued rhythmic contraction of the muscle while there is continuous application of the stimulus, like an unsteady bobbing of the foot

Front 7

decelerate posturing

from brain injury

Back 7

extensor posturing the arms are stiffly extended and held close to the body and the wrists are flexed outward, indicates damage to the midbrain or brainstem

Front 8

decorticate posturing (deligate) core, cortex

from brain injury

Back 8

flexor posturing, extension of the legs and internal rotation and adduction of the arms with the elbows bent upward, indicates damage to cortex

Front 9

delirium

Back 9

alterened state of confusion that is usually acute or short term

Front 10

dyphagia

Back 10

difficulty in speaking or swallowing due to brain lesion

Front 11

hemiparesis

Back 11

weakness affecting only one side of the body

Front 12

hemiplegia

Back 12

paralysis of one half or one side of the body

Front 13

nystagmus

Back 13

involuntary rapid rhythmic movement of the eyeball

Front 14

quadriplegic

Back 14

a person with paralysis of all four limbs

Front 15

tetraplegia

Back 15

another term for quadriplegia or paralysis of all four limbs

Front 16

concussion

Back 16

a term used to describe a closed head injury in which the brain is compressed by a portion of the skull at the time of the blow and temporary ischemia of the brain tissue results

Front 17

contralateral

Back 17

on or affecting the opposite side of the body

Front 18

contusion

Back 18

a bruise an injury of a part without a brake in the skin

Front 19

coup-contrecoup injury

Back 19

an injury that occurs when the head is moving rapidly and hits a stationary object the contents within the cranium hit the inside of the skull and then bounce back and hit the opposite side causing a second injury

Front 20

epidural hematoma

Back 20

a hematoma caused by rapid leakage of blood from the middle meningeal artery which quickly elevates intracranial pressure

Front 21

hyrocephalus

Back 21

increased cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

Front 22

intracerebral hematoma

Back 22

small vessels within the brain have torn and bled

Front 23

ipsilateral

Back 23

on or affecting the same side of the body

Front 24

nuchal rigidity

Back 24

stiffness and pain in the neck from inflammation of the meninges

Front 25

papilledema

Back 25

swelling of the optic disc

Front 26

quadriplegia

Back 26

paralysis of all four extremities

Front 27

subdural hematoma

Back 27

the accumulation of blood in the subdural space

Front 28

subluxation

Back 28

a partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its place in a joint

Front 29

Agnosia

Back 29

the loss of the power to recognize the significance of sensory stimuli

Front 30

aneurysm

Back 30

a sac formed by localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel or the heart

Front 31

aphasia

Back 31

a defect in or loss of the power of expression by speech, writing, or signs or in the comprehension of spoken or written language

Front 32

apraxia

Back 32

the loss or impairment of acquired motor skills

Front 33

ataxia

Back 33

uncoordinated motor movement

Front 34

aura

Back 34

a peculiar sensation preceding the appearance of more definite symptoms especially a sensation that occurs immediately before and epileptic seizure

Front 35

automatisms

Back 35

repetivtive, automatic actions sucah as lip smacking

Front 36

dysarthria

Back 36

slurring or indistinct speech articulation, difficulty speaking

Front 37

dysphasia

Back 37

difficulty swallowing or speaking usually caused by brain lesion

Front 38

embolus

Back 38

a clot or plug of material usually from a thrombus carried by blood flow that lodges in a vessel and obstructs blood flow

Front 39

epilepsy

Back 39

a group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances abnormal behaviors, loss of consciousness, or all of these

Front 40

homonymous hemianopsia

Back 40

blindness or defective vision in the right or left halves of the visual fields of both eyes

Front 41

hydrocephalus

Back 41

increased cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

Front 42

infarct

Back 42

a localized area of necrosis produced by ischemia caused by obstructed arterial supply or inadequate venous drainage

Front 43

nuchal rigidity

Back 43

stiffness and pain in the neck from inflammation of the meninges

Front 44

postictal

Back 44

the condition of a person right after a seizure

Front 45

ptosis

Back 45

the dropping of an organ below its usual position for example lowering of the eyelid so that it partially or completely covers the cornea

Front 46

scotoma

Back 46

an area of lost vision in the visual field, spots in eyes just before a migraine

Front 47

status epilesmpticus

Back 47

a grave condition in which there is a rapid, unrelenting series of convulsive seizures without intervening periods of consciousness and with absence of respiration, irreversible brain damage may occur if seizures are not controlled

Front 48

Cerebrum

Back 48

Center of intellect and consciousness
Receives and interpets sensory info, controls voluntary movements and certain types of involuntary movement responsible for thinking , learning, language capability, judgment, and personality, stores memories

Front 49

Cerebellum

Back 49

Responsible for coordination of movement, posture, and muscle tone that are the mechanisms of balance

Front 50

Diencephalon

Back 50

Consist of two parts thalamus, hypothalamusus

Front 51

Thalamus

Back 51

Relay center between spinal cord and cerebrum

Front 52

Hypothalamus

Back 52

Controls body temp, appetite, and water balance, links nervous and endocrine systems

Front 53

Brainstem

Back 53

made of the midbrain, pons, medulla

Front 54

midbrain

Back 54

Links connecting various parts of the brain helps regulate respirations

Front 55

Pons

Back 55

Links connecting various parts of the brain, helps regulate respiration

Front 56

Medulla

Back 56

Contains reticular formation that regulates heartbeat, respirations, BP, controls center for swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, relays messages to the other parts of brain

Front 57

12 cranial Nerves

Back 57

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, abducens, Facial, Acoustic, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal

Front 58

Normal CSF pressure

Back 58

70-125 cm

Front 59

Neruotransmitters affect transmission of nerve impulses

Back 59

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, Endorphins & Enkephalins

Front 60

Rombergs Test

Back 60

evaluates function control of Cerebrum and Cerebellum
Pt stands with feet together and closes eyes if balance is normal they will stay still

Front 61

Reflex

Back 61

built in to nervous system doesn't need intervention of conscious thought to take place

Front 62

Dermatomes

Back 62

area of skin supplied by peripheral nerve fibers originating from a single dorsal root ganglion. control by specific nerve roots from the spinal cord
C1-8 T 1-12 L 1-5 S 1-5

Front 63

Babinski Reflex

Back 63

reflex test for CNS disorders
scraping foot from heel to toe
positive if big toe points up and toes fan out
Negative if toes curl down together