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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morbidity and Mortality causes
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#1 MI
#2 CHF #3 CVA 48% of all persons with heart disease are women, no longer are men at much of a higher risk |
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Heart Anatomy
-four layers -Blood supply |
-Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium and pericardium
-Coronary artery |
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Conduction Pathway
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sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, R and L bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers
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Transmission of the Impulse-
Depolarization- __ out and __ into cell. Repolarization- ___ enters the cells |
Depolarization K+ out and Na+ into cell, causes myocardial contraction
-Repolarization Ca+ entering the cells, baseline/muscle relaxation |
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*Cardiac Action Potential*
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The electrical potential created by ionic movement as recorded within a single cell. Ions include K+, Na, and Ca.
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The cardiac cycle
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S1 (lub) and S2 (dub)
Systole= time between S1 and S2(Blood is flowing out to the body) Diastole= time between S2 and the repeat of S1(blood flows back into the heart) |
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Abnormal heart sounds:
S3 and S4 Snaps, clicks, murmurs, friction rub. |
-S3-failure of ventricles to completely empty.
-S4-ventricles not as receptive to filling. S3&S4 often heard in CHF. -Snaps(stenosis of mitral valve), Clicks(ejection of blood through stenotic aortic valve) |
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Cardiac Output (CO)
Stroke Volume (SV) |
Amount of blood pumped through ventricles over 1 min.
Amount of blood ejected by heart in one beat SV x HR= CO |
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Preload and Afterload
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Preload- volume of blood and force it exerts coming into the ventricles.
Afterload- pressure gradient against which the ventricles are pumping blood. |
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Pulse Deficient
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Difference between apical pulse and radial pulse
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Pulse pressure
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<30 Ex:120/110= small pulse pressure= decreased SV and CO
>50 Ex: 140/60= wide pulse pressure= hyperthyroidism, and some times in athletes |
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Cardiac Catherization(invasive)
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evaluate patency of coronary arteries, valvular function, measures pressure w/in heart chambers, and 02 saturation.
-NPO, A dye is injected, giving a flushed feeling. Are awake Risks: may cause arrhythmias, bleeding, infection, may loosen a piece of plaque. Post-op assess: pedial pulses, site, arrhythmias and heart rate and rhythm. |
