Neuroanatomy Lab Functions

Front 1

frontal lobe

Back 1

motor functions, higher order fxns, planning, reasoning, judgment, impulse control, memory, personality

Front 2

temporal lobe

Back 2

contains hippocampus, plays a key role in the formation of explicit long term memory. contains primary auditory cortex. interprets visual stimuli and establishes object recognition. language recognition.

Front 3

occipital lobe

Back 3

processes and makes sense of visual input

Front 4

parietal lobe

Back 4

integrates sensory information from various parts of the body. processes info relating to sense of touch

Front 5

central sulcus

Back 5

separates frontal and parietal lobes. separates precentral (motor) and postcentral (somatosensory) gyri

Front 6

precentral gyrus

Back 6

primary motor cortex. controls movements of body

Front 7

postcentral gyrus

Back 7

primary somatosensory cortex. main sensory receptive area for sense of touch

Front 8

sylvian fissure

Back 8

separates frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe

Front 9

cerebellum

Back 9

fine control and coordination of movements

Front 10

corpus callosum

Back 10

white matter tract that relays info btwn two hemispheres

Front 11

hippocampus

Back 11

behavioral inhibition. memory. spatial coding

Front 12

mammillary bodies

Back 12

recollective memory. may add element of smell to memories

Front 13

fornix

Back 13

white matter tract carrying info btwn hippocampus and mammillary bodies and thalamus. part of the limbic system

Front 14

thalamus

Back 14

Relay station of the brain. every sensory system except olfactory includes thalamic nucleus that receives sensory signals and sends them to associated primary cortex area

Front 15

caudate nucleus (head)

Back 15

part of basal ganglia. plays a large role in motor processes and is implicated in Parkinson's. also may play a role in learning, sleep, emotion, and language

Front 16

internal capsule

Back 16

white matter tract containing both ascending and descending axons going to and from cerebral cortex. large part is corticospinal tract. separates caudate nucleus and thalamus from putamen and globus pallida

Front 17

third ventricle

Back 17

one of four fluid filled cavities containing CSF. located in diencephalon. there is only one

Front 18

putamen

Back 18

gray matter body part of basal ganglia. helps control motor skills

Front 19

globus pallidus

Back 19

gray matter body that is part of basal ganglia. involved in regulation of voluntary movement. primarily inhibitory action that balances excitatory action of cerebellum. allows for smooth, even movements

Front 20

lateral ventricles

Back 20

fluid filled cavity of brain, containing CSF. two, one in each hemisphere, connected

Front 21

septum pellucidum

Back 21

thin membrane separating left and right horns of lateral ventricle. runs btwn corpus callosum and fornix

Front 22

amygdala

Back 22

located in temporal lobe. important for memory, decision making, emotional reactions. considered to be a part of the limbic system

Front 23

anterior commissure

Back 23

white matter tract connecting two hemispheres. important in pain and pain sensation. sexuality?

Front 24

paracentral sulcus

Back 24

helps establish where central sulcus is located

Front 25

pineal body

Back 25

produces melatonin. important in maintaining circadian rhythms

Front 26

cingulate gyrus

Back 26

aka cingulate cortex. part of limbic system. involved in formation and processing of emotions, learning, and memory

Front 27

cingulate sulcus

Back 27

separates frontal and parietal lobes from cingulate gyrus

Front 28

hypothalamus

Back 28

part of diencephalon. responsible for many metabolic processes of body. body temp, hungern etc

Front 29

calcarine sulcus

Back 29

splits occipital lobe into superior and inferior

Front 30

parieto-occipital sulcus

Back 30

separates parietal and occipital lobes

Front 31

superior and inferior colliculi

Back 31

known together as tectum. important for visual and auditory direction

Front 32

insula

Back 32

interoceptive awareness. motor control. homeostasis. self, social emotions

Front 33

extreme capsule

Back 33

white matter tract that provides communication btwn claustrum and insular cortex and Broca's and Wernicke's areas

Front 34

external capsule

Back 34

white matter tract that carried cholinergic fibers from basal forebrain to cortex

Front 35

claustrum

Back 35

integration of information

Front 36

anterior lobe of cerebellum

Back 36

aka paleocerebellum, spinocerebellum. connects spinal cord to cerebellum. responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception.

Front 37

posterior lobe of cerebellum

Back 37

aka neocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum.
fine motor control, inhibition of involuntary movement. links brainstem and cerebral cortex to cerebellum

Front 38

flocculonodular lobe

Back 38

aka archicerebellum, vestibulocerebellum.
connects vestibular nuclei to cerebellum. important for maintenance of balance equilibrium and muscle tone

Front 39

tonsils

Back 39

anatomical. implicated in type 1 chiari malformation, pushed thru foramen magnum and blocking CSF flow

Front 40

vermis

Back 40

body posture and locomotion.

Front 41

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Back 41

input and output to the cerebellum. mostly fibers from spinal cord. integrating proprioceptive info with balance

Front 42

superior cerebellar peduncles

Back 42

mostly output info to the cortex

Front 43

middle cerebellar peduncle

Back 43

connects pons to cerebellum

Front 44

fastigial nucleus

Back 44

input from vestibular system, interprets body motion in space. responsible for saccadic eye movements

Front 45

interposed nucleus

Back 45

modulates muscle stretch reflexes of proximal limb muscles. composed of globose and emboliform nuclei. coordinates agonist/antagonist muscle pairs. lesion causes tremor

Front 46

dentate nucleus

Back 46

planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements. dorsal region involved in movement of skeletal muscle, ventral involved in conscious thought and visuospatial function

Front 47

sclera

Back 47

white of the eye. opaque, fibrous protective outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic. continuation of dura

Front 48

conjunctiva

Back 48

covers the sclera. lubricates the eye by producing mucus and tears. immune surveillance

Front 49

optic nerve

Back 49

cranial nerve II. carries visual info from retina to occipital lobe of brain

Front 50

cornea

Back 50

transparent front part of eye that covers iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. focusing power of the eye. anterior continuation of sclera

Front 51

retina

Back 51

light sensitive layer of tissue which sends nerve impulses to the brain via the optic nerve. made up of several layers of neurons. photoreceptors (rods and cones) are sensitive to light

Front 52

choroid

Back 52

vascular layer of the eye. provides oxygen and nourishment to outer layers of retina

Front 53

lens

Back 53

biconvex structure in eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina

Front 54

zonular fibers

Back 54

ring of fibrous strands connecting ciliary body with the lens that allows for adjustment and focusing of the lens

Front 55

ciliary muscles

Back 55

smooth muscle in the eye that controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances

Front 56

ciliary body

Back 56

composed of ciliary muscle and processes. epithelium produces aqueous humor

Front 57

anterior chamber of eye

Back 57

aqueous humor filled space btwn iris and cornea. glaucoma occurs here

Front 58

posterior chamber of eye

Back 58

narrow space behind iris. aqueous humor passes thru here and forward into anterior chamber

Front 59

iris

Back 59

controls diameter of pupil and amount of light reaching the retina. color gives you eye color

Front 60

vitreous humor

Back 60

clear gel filling space btwn lens and retina. helps keep retina in space. stagnant, unlike aqueous humor which is replenished

Front 61

aqueous humor

Back 61

maintains intraocular pressure, provides nutrition. role in immune function

Front 62

pyramidal decussation

Back 62

where white matter tracts cross over to the other side, causing right controls left, left controls right phenomenon

Front 63

medullary olives

Back 63

cerebellar motor learning and function, aid perception of sound

Front 64

medullary pyramids

Back 64

white matter structures carrying formation from brain to spinal cord

Front 65

pons

Back 65

important for hearing, equilibrium, taste and facial sensation

Front 66

fasciculus gracilis

Back 66

carries touch and pressure, and proprioception sensation from lower limbs in Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus system

Front 67

fasciculus cuneatus

Back 67

carries touch and pressure, and proprioception sensation from upper limbs in Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus system

Front 68

periaqueductal grey

Back 68

pain modulation

Front 69

red nucleus

Back 69

beginning of rubrospinal tract. involved in motor coordination

Front 70

substantia nigra

Back 70

dopamine producing cells, important for movement. depleted in Parkinson's

Front 71

cerebral peduncles

Back 71

white matter tracts carrying information btwn brain and spinal cord

Front 72

ponto-cerebellar fibers

Back 72

white matter connecting pons to cerebellum

Front 73

corticospinal tracts

Back 73

white matter tracts connecting brain to brainstem and spinal cord

Front 74

Cranial Nerve I

Back 74

smell

Front 75

Cranial Nerve II

Back 75

vision

Front 76

Cranial Nerve III

Back 76

motor innervation to 4 of the 6 eye muscles

Front 77

Cranial Nerve IV

Back 77

motor innervation to Superior Oblique eye muscle

Front 78

Cranial Nerve V

Back 78

motor to muscles of mastication, sensory to face

Front 79

Cranial Nerve VI

Back 79

motor to Lacteral Rectus eye muscle

Front 80

Cranial Nerve VII

Back 80

motor to facial muscles, taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Front 81

Cranial Nerve VIII

Back 81

sound and balance

Front 82

Cranial Nerve IX

Back 82

motor to stylopharyngeal muscles, taste for posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 83

Cranial Nerve X

Back 83

motor to pharynx and larynx, parasympa to thorax and abdomen, taste to back of throat

Front 84

Cranial Nerve XI

Back 84

motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Front 85

Cranial Nerve XII

Back 85

motor to tongue

Front 86

Lateral Rectus eye muscle

Back 86

abduction of eye

Front 87

Medial Rectus eye muscle

Back 87

adduction of eye

Front 88

Superior Rectus eye muscle

Back 88

Elevation and intorsion of eye

Front 89

Inferior Rectus eye muscle

Back 89

depression of eye

Front 90

Superior Oblique eye muscle

Back 90

depression and intorsion of eye

Front 91

Inferior Oblique eye muscle

Back 91

elevation and extorsion of eye