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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Parathion
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate, irreversible
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Isoflurophate
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate, irreversible
- occasionally used for glaucoma and accommodative esotropia |
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Echothiophate
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate, irreversible
- occasionally used for glaucoma and accommodative esotropia |
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Edrophonium
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible
- diagnose myasthenia gravis |
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Neostigmine
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible
- used after anesthesia, treat myasthenia gravis |
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Physostigmine
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible, enters CNS
- glaucoma, atropine O/D, GI atony |
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Pyridostigmine
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible
- long-acting, used for myasthenia gravis treatment |
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Acetylcholine
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M and N receptors
- rarely used to achieve miosis in opthalmic surgery |
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Bethanechol
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, mostly M receptors
- stimulates bladder and bowel |
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Carbachol
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M and N receptors
- used rarely for glaucoma and stimulate miosis in surgery |
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Pilocarpine
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M receptors
- great for glaucoma treatment |
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Methacholine
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M receptors
- diagnosis of asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity |
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Atropine
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- muscarinic blocker
- treat bradycardia, stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia, calm GI and bladder spasms, antidote for organophosphate poisoning |
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Scopolamine
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- muscarinic blocker, more potent CNS effects than atropine
- treat motion sickness |
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Homatropine
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- muscarinic blocker
- stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia |
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Cyclopentolate
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- muscarinic blocker
- stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia |
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Tropicamide
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- muscarinic blocker
- stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia |
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Pirenzepine
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- muscarinic blocker
- blocks M1 receptors and treats gastric ulcers |
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Tubocurarine
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia |
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Pancuronium
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia - longer-acting than tubocurarine |
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Atracurium
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia |
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Vecuronium
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia |
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Succinylcholine
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- depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
- used to facilitate rapid intubation ("succ" air) |
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Nicotine
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- nicotinic ganglionic blocker with initial stimulation
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Hexamethonium
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- non-stimulatory nicotinic ganglionic blocker
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Trimethaphan
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- non-stimulatory nicotinic ganglionic blocker
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Mecamylamine
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- non-stimulatory nicotinic ganglionic blocker
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Phenylephrine
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- a1 agonist
- nasal decongestant, treat hypotension, stimulate mydriasis for ocular exam, terminate episodes of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT), causes reflex bradycardia |
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Methoxamine
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- a1 agonist
- treat hypotension and PAT |
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Clonidine
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- a2 agonist
- treat hypertension, withdrawal from benzodiazepines and opiates, treat diarrhea in diabetics with neuropathies |
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Methyldopa
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- a2 agonist
|
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Dobutamine
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- b1 agonist (slight b2 actions)
- treat unstable CHF and shock |
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Isoproterenol
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- b1 and b2 agonist
- stimulate HR in pts with heart block and bradycardia |
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Albuterol
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- b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, COPD, bronchitis |
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Metaproterenol
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- b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, COPD, bronchitis |
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Terbutaline
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- b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, COPD, bronchitis, can also be used to relax uterus during premature labor |
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Epinephrine
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- non-selective sympathomimetic, stimulates beta at low doses, alpha at high doses
- nasal decongestant, urinary incontinence, hypotension |
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What is epinephrine reversal?
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When given alone, alpha effects lead to increased BP. With an alpha-blocker, epinephrine leads to decreased blood pressure due to b2 activity.
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Norepinephrine
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- alpha-selective agonist, with some beta activity
- used to treat hypotension, but leads to lowered renal perfusion, last line treatment of shock |
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Dopamine
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- beta-selective at lower doses, stimulates a1 at higher doses
- treatment of shock, increase renal perfusion, and treatment of acute CHF |
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Tyramine
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- indirect-acting sympathomimetic, by-product of tyrosine metabolism, taken up by sympathetic neurons
- metabolized by MAO, so foods high in tyramine are contraindicated in pts taking MAOI's |
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Amphetamine
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- indirect-acting sympathomimetic
- treats ADHD, narcolepsy, and suppresses appetite |
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Ephedrine
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- mixed sympathomimetic (direct & indirect)
- treats urinary incontinence, nasal decongestant, hypotension |
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Metaraminol
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- mixed sympathomimetic
- treats hypotension and terminates PAT episodes |
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Prazosin
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- reversible a1 blocker
- treat hypertension and urinary retention in pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy - first-dose orthostatic hypotension |
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Terazosin
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- reversible a1 blocker
- treat hypertension and urinary retention in pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy - first-dose orthostatic hypotension |
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Doxazosin
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- reversible a1 blocker
- treat hypertension and urinary retention in pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy - first-dose orthostatic hypotension |
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Phenoxybenzamine
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- non-selective, irreversible alpha blocker
- long duration, treat pheochromocytoma, treat pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy (reduces size of prostate) - orthostatic hypotenstion and reflex tachycardia |
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Yohimbine
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- a2 selective, reversible blocker
- sometimes used to treat impotency |
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Phentolamine
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- reversible, non-selective alpha blocker
- used for short-term treatment of pheochromocytoma-induced hypertension |
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Atenolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
- treats hypertension, MI |
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Betaxolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
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Esmolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
- very short-acting, used in thyroid storm |
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Acebutolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
- treat hypertension |
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Metoprolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
- treat hypertension, anginal pain, MI |
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Propranolol
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- non-selective beta blocker
- treat HAMATA (Hypertension, Angina, Migraine, Arrhythmia, Thyroid storm, Acute panic syndrome) |
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Timolol
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- non-selective beta blocker
- long half-life, treat glaucoma |
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Nadolol
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- non-selective beta blocker
- long half-life, treat glaucoma |
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Pindolol
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- non-selective beta blocker with sympathomimetic activity
- treat hypertension in pts prone to bradycardia |
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Labetalol
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- non-selective beta blocker with some a1 blockade
- treat hypertension and atrial fibrillation |
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Carvedilol
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- non-selective beta blocker with a1 blockade
- treat hypertension and chronic CHF (not ACUTE!) |
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Butoxamine
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- b2 blocker
- no clinical uses |
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Guanethedine
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- indirect adrenergic antagonist
- treatment of hypertension |
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Reserpine
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- indirect adrenergic antagonist
- rarely used in the clinic to treat hypertension |
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Tissues with a1 receptors?
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Vascular smooth muscle; all but skeletal muscle
GI tract, sphincters Bladder, sphincter Radial muscle, iris |
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Tissues with a2 receptors?
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GI tract, wall
Presynaptic adrenergic neurons (postsynaptic in CNS and blood vessels) |
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Tissues with b1 receptors?
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Salivary glands
Heart Adipose tissue Kidney |
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Tissues with b2 receptors?
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Vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle
GI tract, wall Bladder, wall Bronchioles |